Thermostat恆溫器
It checks the temperature of the blood, listens to the skin, and tells the helpers what to do.
它檢查血液的溫度、聽皮膚的回報，再告訴幫手們該做什麼。
The Human Body · Lesson 22 · 人體探索 第22課
Why Is Your Body Always Warm?身體為什麼總是暖暖的？
Your body keeps itself close to 37 degrees, in winter and in summer. Turn the weather up and down on a 3D body, watch the skin react, and keep a temperature diary.
不管冬天夏天，身體都把自己維持在 37 度左右。在 3D 裡把天氣調冷調熱，看皮膚怎麼反應，再記錄自己一天的體溫。
Big idea · 一句話看懂
Your body has a thermostat. When you are too hot, it sweats and sends blood to the skin. When you are too cold, it shivers and keeps the blood inside.
身體有一個恆溫器：太熱就流汗、把血送到皮膚；太冷就發抖、把血留在裡面。
3D Model · 3D 模型
Turn the Weather Up and Down 把天氣調冷、調熱
Slide the air temperature from a cold winter morning to a hot summer afternoon. The color of the body shows how warm each part is. Watch the middle of the body: it hardly changes. The hands and feet change a lot. The block beside the body is a small piece of skin, magnified: look for sweat, for blood near the surface, and for a hair standing up. Then switch on exercise, and last of all, a fever.
把氣溫從冬天寒冷的早晨拉到夏天炎熱的午後。身體的顏色代表每個部位有多暖。注意看身體的中間：它幾乎不變；手和腳卻變很多。身體旁邊那一塊是放大的一小塊皮膚：找找看汗水、靠近表面的血，還有站起來的毛。然後打開「運動」，最後再打開「發燒」。
Loading… · 載入中…
Drag to turn · 拖曳旋轉 Scroll or pinch to zoom · 滾輪／雙指縮放
Colors show the pattern, not measured temperatures · 顏色是示意，不是實際量到的溫度
This 3D model needs WebGL, which this browser does not support. The temperature diary and the cards below still work.
這個瀏覽器不支援 WebGL，無法顯示 3D 模型；下方的體溫日記和卡片一樣能用。
My temperature diary · 我的體溫日記（°C）
Morning早上Noon中午Evening傍晚
Day 1第 1 天
Day 2第 2 天
Day 3第 3 天
Day 4第 4 天
Day 5第 5 天
My daily wave · 我每天的波浪
- Red and orange: warm
紅色和橘色：暖 - Blue: cool
藍色：涼 - Yellow dot: the thermostat in the brain
黃色的點：腦裡的恆溫器 - Blue drops: sweat
藍色的水滴：汗 - Red dots: blood near the skin surface
紅色的點：靠近皮膚表面的血
The bones are real shapes from BodyParts3D. The colored body around them and the block of skin are our own drawing, and the skin is magnified many times. The colors show the pattern, not measured temperatures. The numbers on the thermostat are examples: a normal body temperature is usually between about 36.5 and 37.5 degrees Celsius, and it depends on the person, the time of day, and where it is measured. Changes that take many minutes in a real body happen here in a few seconds.
骨頭是 BodyParts3D 的真實形狀；包在外面有顏色的身體，還有那一塊皮膚，是本站自繪的示意圖，皮膚放大了很多倍。顏色畫的是「哪裡暖、哪裡涼」的樣子，不是實際量到的溫度。恆溫器上的數字只是舉例：正常體溫通常在攝氏 36.5 到 37.5 度之間，因人、因時間、因量的部位而不同。真實的身體要花好幾分鐘的變化，這裡幾秒鐘就完成了。
Bone model: BodyParts3D, © The Database Center for Life Science, licensed under CC BY 4.0. We selected the bones, simplified the shapes, and turned the model upright; the colored body and the skin block are our own drawing. · 骨骼模型來源：BodyParts3D（日本生命科學資料庫中心，CC BY 4.0 授權）；本站挑選骨頭、簡化形狀並轉正方向，有顏色的身體與皮膚塊為本站自繪示意。
Reading · 英文閱讀
22
Unit 22: Why Is Your Body Always Warm?
Touch your forehead. It is warm. Touch it on a cold winter morning, and it is still warm. A rock feels cold in winter and hot in summer, but you stay almost the same all year: close to 37 degrees Celsius. How does your body do that?
摸摸你的額頭，是暖的。在冬天寒冷的早晨摸，它還是暖的。石頭冬天冰、夏天燙，你卻一年到頭幾乎都一樣：攝氏 37 度左右。身體是怎麼辦到的？
First, where does the warmth come from? In the last lesson, you learned that your cells burn sugar to get energy. That slow burning also gives off heat. Most of your heat is made deep inside, in organs such as your liver, brain, and heart, and in your muscles when they work. Your blood picks up the heat and carries it around your body, like warm water in a heating pipe.
首先，這些溫暖是哪裡來的？上一課你學過，細胞把糖燒掉來得到能量。這種慢慢的燃燒同時也會放出熱。大部分的熱是在身體深處產生的：肝臟、大腦、心臟這些器官，還有正在工作的肌肉。血液把熱接過來，帶著它在全身流動，就像暖氣管裡的熱水。
A small part deep in your brain works like the thermostat of an air conditioner. It checks the temperature of your blood and gets messages from your skin. If you are a little too hot or too cold, it sends out orders.
腦的深處有一小塊地方，作用就像冷氣機的恆溫器。它檢查血液的溫度，也接收皮膚傳來的訊息。只要你有一點太熱或太冷，它就發出命令。
When you are too hot, two things happen. The blood vessels in your skin open wider, so more warm blood flows near the surface and gives its heat to the air. That is why your face turns red. And your sweat glands push water onto your skin. As the sweat dries, it takes heat away with it. You learned about sweat in the lesson about skin: it is your body's own cooling system.
太熱的時候，會發生兩件事。皮膚裡的血管張開，更多溫熱的血流到表面附近，把熱交給空氣——所以你的臉會變紅。同時，汗腺把水推到皮膚上；汗乾掉的時候，就把熱一起帶走。你在皮膚那一課學過流汗：它是身體自備的冷卻系統。
When you are too cold, the opposite happens. The blood vessels in your skin narrow, and warm blood stays deep inside to protect your organs. That is why your fingers and toes get cold first. Tiny muscles pull your hairs upright and make goose bumps. If that is not enough, your muscles start to shiver: they tighten and relax very fast, and that makes heat.
太冷的時候，剛好相反。皮膚裡的血管縮小，溫熱的血留在身體深處保護器官——所以手指和腳趾最先變冰。小小的肌肉把毛拉直，就起了雞皮疙瘩。如果這樣還不夠，肌肉就開始發抖：很快地一縮一放，這樣會產生熱。
Sometimes, when you are sick, your body turns its own thermostat up. That is a fever. As the fever starts, 37 degrees suddenly feels too cold, so you shiver under a blanket even though your skin is hot. When the thermostat goes back to normal, you feel hot and you sweat. Your temperature also changes a little every day, even when you are well: it is lowest in the early morning and highest in the late afternoon. Keep a temperature diary with the tool below the model, and see your own daily wave.
有時候你生病了，身體會把自己的恆溫器調高，這就是發燒。剛開始燒的時候，37 度忽然變得「太冷」，所以你明明皮膚很燙，卻裹著被子發抖。等恆溫器調回正常，你就覺得熱、開始流汗。就算沒生病，體溫每天也會有一點起伏：清晨最低，傍晚前最高。用模型下方的工具寫體溫日記，看看你自己每天的那一道波浪。
Read aloud · 課文朗讀
Questions · 閱讀理解
Where does your body heat come from?
From your cells burning fuel, mostly deep inside in organs such as the liver, brain, and heart, and in working muscles.
What two things does your body do when it is too hot?
It opens the blood vessels in the skin so that warm blood can lose heat, and it sweats.
Why do you shiver when a fever starts, even though your skin is hot?
Because your thermostat has been set higher, so your normal temperature now feels too cold, and your body tries to warm up.
Words & Phrases · 生字及片語
temperature(n.)溫度；體溫The nurse took my temperature.護理師幫我量了體溫。heat(n.)熱Your muscles make heat when they work.肌肉工作的時候會產生熱。warm(adj.)溫暖的My hands are warm in my pockets.我的手放在口袋裡很暖。cool(v.)使變涼Sweat helps to cool your body.汗水幫助身體降溫。shiver(v.)發抖We began to shiver in the cold wind.我們在冷風中開始發抖。fever(n.)發燒She stayed home because she had a fever.她發燒了，所以待在家裡。thermometer(n.)溫度計；體溫計Put the thermometer under your arm.把體溫計夾在腋下。degree(n.)度It is thirty degrees outside today.今天外面三十度。
Quick Check · 小測驗
1. About what temperature does your body keep?
2. Where is the body's thermostat?
3. How does sweat cool you?
4. Why do your fingers get cold first on a cold day?
5. What is a fever?
The Heat Team · 體溫小隊
One thermostat, four helpers 一個恆溫器，四個幫手
Think of an air conditioner with a remote control. You pick a number, and the machine cools or heats until the room reaches it. Your body's number is about 37, and a fever is someone pressing the up button for a while.
把它想成有遙控器的冷氣機：你設定一個數字，機器就吹冷或吹暖，直到房間到達那個數字。身體設定的數字大約是 37；發燒，就是有人把「調高」按了幾下，過一陣子再調回來。
Sweat glands汗腺
They push water onto the skin. When it dries, it carries heat away.
它們把水推到皮膚上；水乾掉的時候，就把熱帶走。
Skin blood vessels皮膚的血管
Wide open, they let heat out. Narrow, they keep heat in.
張開就把熱放出去，縮小就把熱留在裡面。
Muscles肌肉
Shivering is muscle work with no movement to show for it: all of it turns into heat.
發抖是不帶來任何動作的肌肉工作：全部都變成了熱。
Hair muscles豎毛肌
In furry animals, raised hair traps warm air. We have too little hair for that, but the muscles still try.
毛茸茸的動物把毛豎起來，可以留住一層暖空氣。我們的毛太少，沒什麼用，但這些肌肉還是照做。
Measure Yourself · 親身測量
My temperature diary 我的體溫日記
Is your temperature the same all day? Use the diary below the model for a few days and find out. Always use the same thermometer in the same place (the ear, the forehead, or under the arm), because each place gives a slightly different number.
你的體溫整天都一樣嗎？用模型下方的日記記錄幾天，就知道了。每次都用同一支體溫計、量同一個部位（耳朵、額頭或腋下），因為不同的部位量出來的數字會差一點。
- 🌅Morning · 早上Take your temperature soon after you get up, before breakfast.起床後不久、吃早餐之前量一次。
- 🌞Noon and evening · 中午和傍晚Take it again around noon, and again in the late afternoon or evening. Sit quietly for a few minutes first.中午左右再量一次，下午晚一點或傍晚再量一次。量之前先安靜坐幾分鐘。
- 📈Look for the wave · 找出那道波浪After a few days, look at the lines. Are your evenings a little higher than your mornings?記了幾天之後看看折線：傍晚是不是比早上高一點點？
Myth vs. Fact · 常見迷思
Four things people get wrong 四個常見的誤會
✗ Myth · 迷思Everyone's normal temperature is exactly 37.0 degrees.每個人的正常體溫都剛好是 37.0 度。
✓ Fact · 事實It is usually somewhere between about 36.5 and 37.5, and it changes with the person, the time of day, and where you measure.通常在 36.5 到 37.5 度之間，會因人、因時間、因量的部位而不同。
✗ Myth · 迷思Sweat cools you because it is cold.汗能降溫，是因為汗是冰的。
✓ Fact · 事實Sweat is as warm as you are. It cools you when it dries, because drying takes heat away from your skin.汗和你的身體一樣暖。它是在「乾掉」的時候幫你降溫的，因為蒸發會把皮膚的熱帶走。
✗ Myth · 迷思If you shiver, you must be sick.會發抖，一定是生病了。
✓ Fact · 事實Shivering is your muscles making heat. It is a normal answer to cold.發抖是肌肉在製造熱，是身體對寒冷的正常反應。
✗ Myth · 迷思When you feel cold with a fever, your body is cold.發燒時覺得冷，表示身體真的是冷的。
✓ Fact · 事實Your body is warmer than usual. It feels cold because the thermostat has been set even higher.其實身體比平常還熱。會覺得冷，是因為恆溫器被調到更高的地方去了。
Remember It · 記憶口訣
Body heat in a sentence 一句話記住體溫
About 37, all year round一年到頭，37 度左右
Winter or summer, the middle of your body hardly changes.
不管冬天夏天，身體的中間幾乎不變。
Too hot: open and sweat太熱：張開、流汗
Skin vessels open, and sweat dries and carries heat away.
皮膚的血管張開，汗水蒸發把熱帶走。
Too cold: close and shiver太冷：縮小、發抖
Skin vessels narrow, and muscles shiver to make heat.
皮膚的血管縮小，肌肉發抖來產生熱。
A fever is a new setting發燒是新的設定
The thermostat goes up, so you shiver. It comes back down, so you sweat.
恆溫器調高，所以發抖；調回來，所以流汗。
In Chinese · 中文怎麼說
Chicken Skin or Goose Bumps? 雞皮疙瘩還是鵝皮疙瘩？
When cold makes the little bumps rise on your arm, English speakers say “goose bumps,” because the skin looks like a goose with its feathers pulled out. In Chinese, the same bumps belong to a different bird: 雞皮疙瘩 (jīpí gēda), “chicken-skin bumps.” Chinese also says that a fever “burns”: to have a fever is 發燒 (fāshāo), and when it ends, the burning “goes back,” 退燒 (tuìshāo). And when it is so cold that you cannot stop shaking, people in Taiwan say, in Taiwanese, 冷到皮皮剉 (phî-phî-chhoah): cold enough to make you tremble all over. Three ways of talking, one thermostat.
冷到手臂上冒出一粒一粒的小疙瘩時，說英文的人叫它 goose bumps（鵝皮疙瘩），因為皮膚看起來像拔了毛的鵝。到了中文，同樣的小疙瘩換了一種鳥：「雞皮疙瘩」。中文還說發燒是在「燒」：「發燒」，燒退了叫「退燒」。冷到全身抖個不停的時候，台灣人會用台語說「冷到皮皮剉」。三種說法，講的都是同一個恆溫器。
Classroom Activity 1 · 課堂活動一
Three Bowls of Water 三碗水
You need · 準備材料
- Three bowls: warm water, cool water, and room-temperature water三個碗：溫水、涼水、常溫的水
- A towel一條毛巾
Steps · 步驟
- Put one hand in the warm water and the other hand in the cool water. Count slowly to sixty.一隻手放進溫水，另一隻手放進涼水，慢慢數到六十。
- Now put both hands into the room-temperature water at the same time.現在兩隻手同時放進常溫的水裡。
- What does each hand feel? Is it the same water?兩隻手各感覺到什麼？這不是同一碗水嗎？
- What does this tell you about using your skin as a thermometer?這告訴你，拿皮膚當溫度計會怎麼樣？
Teaching tip: the hand from the warm bowl feels the middle bowl as cool, and the other hand feels it as warm. Skin is good at noticing change, not at reading a number, which is why we use thermometers. Use comfortably warm water from the tap, never hot water, and cool water without ice.
教學提示：泡過溫水的手覺得中間那碗是涼的，另一隻手卻覺得是暖的。皮膚擅長發現「變化」，不擅長讀出「數字」——所以我們才要用溫度計。溫水用水龍頭流出來、摸起來舒服的溫度就好，絕對不要用熱水；涼水不必加冰塊。
Classroom Activity 2 · 課堂活動二
The Wet Finger 濕濕的手指
You need · 準備材料
- A cup of room-temperature water一杯常溫的水
- Your two index fingers你的兩根食指
Steps · 步驟
- Dip one index finger in the water. Keep the other one dry.一根食指沾水，另一根保持乾的。
- Hold both fingers up and blow gently across them.把兩根手指舉起來，輕輕對著它們吹氣。
- Which finger feels cooler?哪一根比較涼？
- The water was not cold. So where did the coolness come from?水明明不是冰的，那股涼意是哪裡來的？
Teaching tip: as the water dries, it takes heat from the skin. This is exactly how sweat works, and why a breeze feels so good on a hot day. Ask students why a wet swimsuit feels cold when they get out of the pool.
教學提示：水蒸發的時候，會從皮膚帶走熱。這正是流汗的原理，也是大熱天吹到風特別舒服的原因。可以問學生：從游泳池上來，濕濕的泳衣為什麼讓人覺得冷？
⚕ Health note · 健康提醒This lesson is for learning about the body. It is not medical advice, and the diary cannot tell you whether you are sick. If you feel feverish or unwell, tell an adult, and follow your doctor's advice. On hot days, drink water often. If you feel dizzy or sick in the heat, stop, move to the shade, and tell an adult right away.本課是認識身體的教材，不是醫療建議；體溫日記也不能告訴你有沒有生病。如果覺得發燒或不舒服，請告訴大人，並依照醫師的指示。天氣熱的時候要常喝水；如果在大熱天覺得頭暈或想吐，請馬上停下來、到陰涼的地方，並且立刻告訴大人。