A fort on an island島上的一座城
In 1626 the north has its first European fort, on today’s Heping Island. Read what archaeologists have found there.
1626 年，北部有了第一座歐洲人的城，在今天的和平島。讀一讀考古學者在那裡找到了什麼。
Taiwan's Story · Unit 2 · Lesson 6 · 台灣歷史 單元二 第六課
What Did the Spanish Leave in the North?西班牙人在北部留下了什麼？
Slide through the years from 1624 to 1668 on a map of the forts in the north and the south, and see who held each one. Then look at what is left: a church and its cemetery under the ground on Heping Island, a name on a park in Tamsui, and books about the northern languages that no one has found so far.
在一張標出南北據點的地圖上，從 1624 年拖到 1668 年，看每一個據點由誰駐守。再看看留下了什麼：和平島地底下的教堂和墓地、淡水一座園區的名字，還有記錄北部原住民語言、到現在還沒有被找到的書。
Big idea · 一句話看懂
Spanish soldiers and missionaries from Manila held a fort at Keelung for sixteen years, from 1626 to 1642, and one at Tamsui for about ten, among the Basay and other peoples of the north. They never controlled much land, and the books their missionaries wrote about the local languages have not been found. What they left is mostly under the ground: archaeology tells the part of the story the papers do not.
來自馬尼拉的西班牙士兵和傳教士，從 1626 到 1642 年在雞籠駐守了十六年，在淡水駐守了大約十年，身邊是巴賽人和北部其他族群。他們從來沒有控制多少土地，傳教士記錄當地語言的書也到現在都沒有找到。他們留下的，大多在地底下：文字沒有說的那一部分，要靠考古來講。
Map · 地圖
Two Bases in the North, One in the South 北部兩個據點，南部一個
Drag the slider, or tap a year, to see who held each fort: the Spanish, the Dutch, or no one. The names of some Indigenous peoples stay on the map the whole time, because they were there the whole time; the names mark where they lived, not borders. Tap a fort to read its story and what is left of it today.
拖動滑桿或點一個年份，看每一個據點由誰駐守：西班牙人、荷蘭人，還是沒有人。幾個原住民族群的名字一直留在地圖上，因為他們一直都在；名字標的是他們住在哪裡，不是界線。點一個據點，讀它的故事，以及今天還留下什麼。
Names, not borders; dots mark places roughly · 標的是名字，不是界線；圓點位置是大概的
- Held by the Spanish
西班牙人駐守 - Held by the Dutch
荷蘭人駐守 - No European fort that year
那一年沒有歐洲人的城堡 - A people’s name: where they lived, not a border
族群的名字：住在哪裡，不是界線
The map shows only the coastline (Natural Earth, public domain). Forts are marked roughly. Peoples’ names are placed roughly in the regions where they lived, and are not borders. A fort counts as held from the year it was taken or built to the year it was lost or left; in a year when it changed hands, it is shown with the newcomer.
地圖只畫海岸線（Natural Earth，公有領域）。據點的位置是大概的；族群的名字大致放在他們居住的區域，不是界線。據點從被攻下或興建的那一年，算到失去或離開的那一年；換手的那一年，算新來的一方。
Map and code by My Culture Connect. Coastline: Natural Earth 1:10m Land, public domain. No boundaries of any kind are drawn. 地圖與程式由人師教育協會製作；海岸線為公有領域資料，圖上不畫任何界線。
Reading · 英文閱讀
6
Unit 6: What Did the Spanish Leave in the North?
In 1626, two years after the Dutch settled at Tayouan in the south, Spanish forces sailed from Manila, in the Philippines, to the north of Taiwan. They wanted to counter the Dutch, to have a base for missions to China, and to draw Chinese and Japanese merchants to trade with them. In May they sailed into the harbor at Keelung, held a ceremony of possession on today’s Heping Island, and began building a fort called San Salvador.
1626 年，荷蘭人在南部的大員落腳兩年後，西班牙的軍隊從菲律賓的馬尼拉出發，來到台灣北部。他們想對抗荷蘭人、建立向中國傳教的據點，也想吸引中國和日本的商人來和他們交易。5 月，他們駛進雞籠港，在今天的和平島舉行佔領儀式，開始興建一座叫做聖薩爾瓦多的城。
In 1627, the Spanish demanded rice from a chief at Tamsui, and an ambush followed. The next year they sent soldiers and built a second fort, Santo Domingo, on a hill above the mouth of the Tamsui River. Supplies, and silver from the Americas for trade, came from Manila on ships twice a year, but the ships were often late.
1627 年，西班牙人向淡水的原住民首領要米糧，結果招致了一場誘殺事件。第二年，他們派兵在淡水河口的山頂上蓋了第二座城：聖多明哥城。物資，還有做生意用的美洲白銀，都靠每年兩次從馬尼拉來的補給船，但船常常誤期。
The Spanish never controlled much land. They kept only two or three hundred soldiers in the north, and most of the time they stayed inside their forts. Around them lived the Basay, whom Spanish records describe as skilled traders, and, around Tamsui, the Ketagalan. Some villages became allies; others fought back. In 1636, villagers at Tamsui, angry at a tax of chickens and rice, attacked the fort at night.
西班牙人從來沒有控制多少土地。他們在北部只派了兩、三百人駐守，多數時候都待在堡壘裡。在他們周圍住著巴賽人（西班牙文獻描述他們很擅長交易），淡水一帶則是凱達格蘭族的活動範圍。有些部落和他們結盟，有些起來反抗。1636 年，淡水的原住民不滿雞和米的課稅，夜襲了城砦。
Spanish missionaries learned the local languages. Jacinto Esquivel, in Taiwan from 1631 to 1633, wrote a vocabulary of the language of the people of Tamsui, and Teodoro Quirós wrote a grammar of “the language of Formosa.” They may have been about varieties of Basay. But no copy of these books has been found so far; we know of them from old catalogs. The oldest word lists of Taiwan’s languages that do survive are Dutch-era lists of languages farther south.
西班牙的傳教士學了當地的語言。1631 到 1633 年在台灣的 Jacinto Esquivel，寫過一本淡水原住民語言的詞彙；Teodoro Quirós 寫過一本「福爾摩沙語」的文法。它們記錄的可能是巴賽語的幾種方言。但是這些書到現在一本都還沒有被找到；我們是從舊的書目知道它們的。今天留得下來、最早的台灣語言詞彙，是荷蘭時期記錄更南邊語言的詞彙。
Trade with Japan stopped after 1633, many of the Spanish in Taiwan fell ill and died, and fewer Chinese ships came than hoped. In 1637 the Spanish decided to give up Tamsui. On August 21, 1642, the Dutch attacked Keelung, and four days later the Spanish surrendered. Their time in the north had lasted sixteen years. The Dutch stayed in the north for about nineteen years; in 1661, pressed by local villages, they burned their fort at Tamsui and left.
1633 年以後和日本的貿易中斷，在台灣的西班牙人很多生病死去，來北台灣的中國商船也比預期少。1637 年，西班牙人決定放棄淡水。1642 年 8 月 21 日，荷蘭人進攻雞籠，四天後西班牙人投降。他們在北部一共待了十六年。荷蘭人在北部待了大約十九年：1661 年，在當地原住民的壓力下，他們放火燒了淡水的堡壘，撤離了淡水。
So what did the Spanish leave? Excavations on Heping Island began in 2011, and a Taiwan–Spain team dug again from 2016 and widened the dig in 2019. They have uncovered the foundations of a church, Todos los Santos, and its cemetery. One person was buried with hands folded in prayer. Early findings suggest some of the people came from Europe, others from Asia, and possibly some from Africa. The site, which also holds much older layers, is now a national archaeological site.
那麼，西班牙人留下了什麼？和平島的發掘從 2011 年開始，台灣與西班牙的團隊 2016 年起再度發掘，2019 年擴大範圍。他們挖出一座教堂（諸聖教堂）和它的墓地的基礎。有一個人下葬時雙手合十。初步的發現認為，這些人有的來自歐洲、有的來自亞洲，可能也有人來自非洲。這個遺址還有年代早得多的文化層，現在是國定考古遺址。
Read aloud · 課文朗讀
Questions · 閱讀理解
Why did the Spanish come to northern Taiwan in 1626?
To counter the Dutch, who had settled at Tayouan in 1624; to have a base for missions to China; and to draw Chinese and Japanese merchants to trade with them.
The Spanish missionaries wrote books about the northern languages. Why can’t we read them?
Because no copy of them has been found so far. We know they existed only because their titles were listed in old catalogs.
Name two ways the Indigenous peoples of the north shaped what happened to the Spanish and the Dutch.
For example: some villages became allies while others fought back; Tamsui villagers attacked the Spanish fort in 1636 over a tax; villages on the south bank of the Tamsui River rose against the Dutch in 1655; and in 1661 local pressure helped push the Dutch out of Tamsui.
Words & Phrases · 生字及片語
colony(n.)殖民地San Salvador was a small Spanish colony.聖薩爾瓦多是一個小小的西班牙殖民地。missionary(n.)傳教士A Spanish missionary learned the language of Tamsui.一位西班牙傳教士學了淡水的語言。vocabulary(n.)詞彙（詞彙表）Esquivel wrote a vocabulary of the Tamsui language.Esquivel 寫了一本淡水語的詞彙。grammar(n.)文法Quirós wrote a grammar of the language of Formosa.Quirós 寫了一本福爾摩沙語的文法。surrender(v.)投降The Spanish surrendered Keelung in 1642.西班牙人在 1642 年交出雞籠投降。excavation(n.)考古發掘The excavation on Heping Island began in 2011.和平島的考古發掘從 2011 年開始。burial(n.)墓葬One burial had hands folded in prayer.有一座墓葬，死者雙手合十。foundation(n.)（建築的）基礎Only the foundations of the church are left.那座教堂只剩下基礎。
Quick Check · 小測驗
1. Where did the Spanish forces that came to Keelung in 1626 sail from?
2. In which year did the Spanish build Santo Domingo at Tamsui?
3. What happened to the Spanish books about the Tamsui language?
4. Who took Keelung from the Spanish in 1642?
5. What have archaeologists found on Heping Island?
Try It on the Map · 在地圖上試試
Four things to look at 四件值得看的事
Now drag the slider slowly from 1624 to 1668. In which years did two European powers hold forts in Taiwan at the same time?
現在把滑桿從 1624 年慢慢拖到 1668 年。哪幾年台灣同時有兩個歐洲勢力的據點？
A tax, and a night attack一筆稅，一場夜襲
The villagers of Tamsui did not simply accept the Spanish. Read what happened in 1636.
淡水的原住民並沒有就這樣接受西班牙人。讀一讀 1636 年發生了什麼事。
The fort changes hands城換了主人
In 1642 the dots in the north turn from one color to another. Watch the counts above the card.
1642 年，北部的圓點換了顏色。看看卡片上方的計數。
Leaving before the end還沒結束就離開
The Dutch left Tamsui in 1661, before Zheng Chenggong’s forces reached the north. Who pushed them?
荷蘭人在 1661 年就撤出淡水，那時鄭成功的軍隊還沒有到北部。是誰逼他們走的？
On the Timeline · 在時間軸上
Where this lesson sits 這一課講的是哪裡
The Spanish were in the north for sixteen years, from 1626 to 1642.
西班牙人在北部十六年，從 1626 年到 1642 年。
For those sixteen years, two European powers were in Taiwan at once: the Dutch in the south and the Spanish in the north. The peoples who lived there had been there all along.在這十六年裡，台灣同時有兩個歐洲勢力：南部的荷蘭人、北部的西班牙人。住在這裡的族群，則一直都在。
Game · 小遊戲
Dug Up, Still There, or Lost? 挖到了、還在，還是失傳了？
Eight things from the Spanish years in the north, and from the ground beneath them. Is each one dug up by archaeologists, still standing or still in use, or lost? There is no timer; the game only counts how many you sort right the first time.
西班牙在北部那些年，以及那片土地底下的八樣東西。每一樣是被考古學者挖出來的、到今天還在（或還在用）的，還是失傳了？這裡不計時；遊戲只記下你第一次就分對幾樣。
A lost book is still a clue: we know someone wrote it, in which years, and about which place. That is why the titles of books no one can find are still listed.一本失傳的書，本身也是線索：我們知道有人寫過它、在哪幾年寫的、寫的是哪個地方。所以就算找不到書，書名還是會被記下來。
How Do We Know? · 我們怎麼知道？
The evidence behind this lesson 這一課依據的證據
These are the records behind this lesson; most can be opened online.
下面是這一課依據的紀錄，大多可以在網路上打開。
📜Records, read by historians文字紀錄（經歷史學者整理）
The Spanish and Dutch years in the north北部的西班牙與荷蘭時期
The dates, the tax of 1636, the number of soldiers, and the Dutch retreat from Tamsui in 1661 come from Dutch records and the work of historians, as set out in the official gazetteer of Tamsui.年代、1636 年的課稅、駐軍人數、1661 年荷蘭人撤出淡水，都來自荷蘭的紀錄和歷史學者的研究，依《淡水鎮志》的整理。
Where it lives · 保存在哪裡Tamsui District Office, New Taipei City; the gazetteer is online as a PDF.新北市淡水區公所；鎮志有 PDF 可以在網路上看。
《淡水鎮志》第四篇〈政事志〉（林呈蓉編纂），新北市淡水區公所 ↗⛏️Archaeology考古
A church and a cemetery一座教堂和一片墓地
Excavations on Heping Island began in 2011; the University of Konstanz and Academia Sinica became partners in 2013. A Taiwan–Spain team dug again from 2016 and widened the dig in 2019. They found a church or convent, Todos los Santos, and its cemetery.和平島的發掘從 2011 年開始；2013 年起德國康斯坦茨大學和中央研究院成為合作夥伴。台灣與西班牙的團隊 2016 年起再度發掘，2019 年擴大範圍。他們找到一座教堂（修院）——諸聖教堂——和它的墓地。
Where it lives · 保存在哪裡In the ground on Heping Island, Keelung, now a national archaeological site; reports from the University of Konstanz and Taiwan’s Public Television.基隆和平島的地底下，現在是國定考古遺址；德國康斯坦茨大學與公視都有報導。
University of Konstanz, “A new perspective on the European colonisation of Asia” (March 23, 2017) ↗📕A missing record找不到的紀錄
The lost books失傳的書
A chapter by the linguists Paul Jen-kuei Li, Christopher Joby, and Elizabeth Zeitoun lists the Spanish word lists and grammar of the 1630s, known from old catalogs, and says no copy has been found.語言學者李壬癸、Christopher Joby 與 Elizabeth Zeitoun 的一章，列出舊書目裡記載的 1630 年代西班牙人寫的詞彙與文法，並說到現在還沒有找到任何一本。
Where it lives · 保存在哪裡Posted on the website of Academia Sinica’s Institute of Linguistics.放在中央研究院語言學研究所的網站上。
Paul Jen-kuei Li, Christopher Joby & Elizabeth Zeitoun, “Word Lists and Dictionaries of Formosan Languages” (Academia Sinica Institute of Linguistics) ↗🏛️An official list官方名單
A national archaeological site國定考古遺址
Taiwan’s Bureau of Cultural Heritage lists Heping Island B in Keelung as a national archaeological site.文化部文化資產局把基隆的和平島 B 考古遺址列為國定考古遺址。
Where it lives · 保存在哪裡The Bureau’s online database of archaeological sites.文資局的考古遺址線上資料庫。
文化部文化資產局 國家考古遺址出土遺物典藏系統〈和平島B考古遺址〉 ↗Different Views · 不同的說法
One question with more than one answer 一個不只一種答案的問題
Each answer below has a source. The lesson does not choose.
下面每一個答案都有出處。課文不替誰選邊。
Did the Spanish colony in the north matter?西班牙在北部的據點重要嗎？
An older view, as described by Cruz Berrocal較早的看法（依 Cruz Berrocal 的描述）
Because the Spanish failed to stay long in the Pacific region, historians have assumed that Taiwan played only a marginal role for them.因為西班牙人沒能在太平洋地區長久立足，歷史學者一向認為台灣對他們只是邊緣的角色。
University of Konstanz, “A new perspective on the European colonisation of Asia” (March 23, 2017) ↗The archaeologist María Cruz Berrocal (2017 press release)考古學者 María Cruz Berrocal（2017 年大學新聞稿）
The excavations show “an early globalisation hub.” Initial findings suggest people from Europe, Asia, and possibly Africa, and a Spanish-style church shows the colony mattered to the Spanish Crown as much as colonies elsewhere.發掘顯示這裡是一個「早期全球化的樞紐」：初步的發現認為有來自歐洲、亞洲，可能還有非洲的人；西班牙式的教堂也顯示，這個據點對西班牙王室的重要性，不下於其他地方的殖民地。
University of Konstanz, “A new perspective on the European colonisation of Asia” (March 23, 2017) ↗The Tamsui gazetteer《淡水鎮志》
Spanish rule on the ground was weak: only two or three hundred soldiers, mostly staying in their forts. Holding land was not the first aim; trade and missions were.西班牙在當地的統治力量薄弱：只派兩、三百人駐守，多數時候退居堡壘。擴張領土不是第一要務，發展貿易與傳教才是。
《淡水鎮志》第四篇〈政事志〉（林呈蓉編纂），新北市淡水區公所 ↗The answers look at different things. The archaeologist asks how connected the colony was to the wider world; the gazetteer asks how much of the north the Spanish controlled. Both can be true at once.這幾個答案看的是不同的東西：考古學者問的是這個據點和外面世界連得多緊；鎮志問的是西班牙人控制了北部多少地方。兩者可以同時成立。
The rule is the same in every lesson: views are set side by side, each with its source, and the lesson does not choose.每一課的規則都一樣：說法並列、各附出處，課文不替誰選邊。
History English · 歷史英語
Eight sentences for talking about what is lost and what is found 談失傳與出土的八句英文
Some of these describe events; others say how sure we can be. Tap 🔊 to hear each one, then try swapping the words in bold.
有幾句描述事件；有幾句說明我們能多確定。點 🔊 聽每一句，再試著把粗體的部分換掉。
- The Spanish set sail from Manila in 1626.西班牙人在 1626 年從馬尼拉出航。set sail from: began a voyage from a place.set sail from：從某地出航。
- They held a ceremony of possession on the island.他們在島上舉行了佔領儀式。held a ceremony of possession: formally declared that a place was theirs.held a ceremony of possession：正式宣告這個地方歸他們所有。
- Only two or three hundred soldiers guarded the forts.只有兩、三百名士兵守著這些城堡。Only: stresses that a number is small.Only：強調數量很少。
- No copy of these books has been found so far.這些書到現在一本都還沒有被找到。has been found so far: up to now, though it could change.has been found so far：到目前為止，之後可能改變。
- It is not clear which language the books recorded.這些書記錄的是哪一種語言，並不清楚。It is not clear which: says honestly what we do not know.It is not clear which：誠實說出我們不知道的事。
- Archaeologists uncovered the foundations of a church.考古學者挖出了一座教堂的基礎。uncovered: found by digging or removing what covered it.uncovered：挖開覆蓋的東西而找到。
- Early studies suggest that some of them came from Europe.初步的研究認為，其中有些人來自歐洲。Early studies suggest that: a first finding that may change.Early studies suggest that：初步、之後可能修正的發現。
- The number of remains grew as the digging went on.隨著發掘繼續進行，找到的遺骸越來越多。grew as … went on: changed over time.grew as … went on：隨著時間改變。
In Taiwan · 在台灣
A market street, silver from the Americas, beads, and a red-haired fort 一條市街、美洲來的白銀、珠子，和一座紅毛城
Four short notes on the north in the 1600s.
四則關於 1600 年代北台灣的短短說明。
A street · 一條街
The Parián of Keelung雞籠的「澗內」
Near Dasha Bay at Keelung, the Spanish set up a Parián, a Chinese market street.
西班牙人在雞籠的大沙灣附近，設了一條華人的街市，叫做「澗內」（Parián）。
A coin · 一枚銀幣
Silver from the Americas美洲來的白銀
The Spanish forts depended on supply ships from Manila, twice a year. They brought soldiers, food, and silver from the Americas to pay for trade. When a ship was late, the forts ran short.
西班牙的城堡靠每年兩次從馬尼拉來的補給船。船上載著士兵、物資，還有拿來做生意的美洲白銀。船一誤期，城裡就缺東西。
Beads · 珠子
The Basay, good at trade擅長交易的巴賽人
A researcher on the Heping Island dig says Spanish records describe the Basay as people good at trade; among the goods they traded were agate and glass beads. Objects left by the Basay have been found at the site.
和平島發掘計畫的研究員說，西班牙文獻描述巴賽人很擅長交易，交易的商品裡有瑪瑙珠和玻璃珠。遺址裡也挖到巴賽人留下的各種生活物品。
A name · 一個名字
Why “Red-Haired Fort”?為什麼叫「紅毛城」？
At Tamsui, the Dutch built Fort Antonio near the old Spanish site. According to the New Taipei City guide, local people called the Dutch red-haired people, so the fort became Hongmaocheng, the Red-Haired Fort. Yet today the whole historic site carries the Spanish name: Fort San Domingo, after Santo Domingo.
荷蘭人在淡水的西班牙舊城附近蓋了安東尼堡。依新北市政府的導覽資料，當時的當地居民稱荷蘭人為紅髮的人，這座堡壘就被叫做「紅毛城」。可是今天整個古蹟園區，用的卻是西班牙人那座城（聖多明哥城）的名字：Fort San Domingo。
Myth vs. Fact · 常見迷思
Four things people get wrong 四個常見的誤會
✗ Myth · 迷思The Spanish ruled all of northern Taiwan.西班牙人統治了整個北台灣。
✓ Fact · 事實They kept only two or three hundred soldiers in the north, and most of the time they stayed inside their forts.他們在北部只派了兩、三百人駐守，多數時候都待在堡壘裡。
✗ Myth · 迷思The Spanish left nothing behind.西班牙人什麼都沒有留下。
✓ Fact · 事實Archaeologists have found their church and cemetery on Heping Island, and a historic site in Tamsui still carries their fort’s name.考古學者在和平島找到他們的教堂和墓地；淡水的古蹟園區也還用著他們那座城的名字。
✗ Myth · 迷思We can read the Spanish books about the northern languages.西班牙人寫的北部語言的書，我們還讀得到。
✓ Fact · 事實No copy has been found so far. We know of them only from old catalogs.到現在一本都還沒有被找到。我們只從舊的書目知道它們。
✗ Myth · 迷思The Indigenous peoples just watched as Europeans came and went.原住民只是在旁邊看著歐洲人來來去去。
✓ Fact · 事實They traded, made alliances, and fought back: in 1636 against the Spanish at Tamsui, and in 1655 and 1661 against the Dutch, who left Tamsui under local pressure.他們交易、結盟，也反抗：1636 年在淡水反抗西班牙人，1655 年和 1661 年反抗荷蘭人；荷蘭人是在當地的壓力下撤出淡水的。
Remember It · 記憶口訣
Four things to keep in your pocket 四句帶著走的話
Lost is not never失傳不等於沒有
A lost book was still written.
失傳的書，還是有人寫過。
Dig where the papers stop文字停下來的地方，往下挖
Archaeology fills in what records leave out.
考古補上紀錄沒寫的部分。
A fort is not the land守住城，不等於守住土地
Holding a fort is not ruling a region.
駐守一座城，不代表統治一個地區。
They were there all along他們一直都在
Forts changed hands; the peoples stayed.
城換了主人，族群一直都在。
For Teachers · 給老師的提醒
Curriculum links, a change to the plan, and care with human remains 課綱對應、規劃的一處改動，以及對遺骸的尊重
- Curriculum links (12-Year Basic Education, social studies, junior high history): 歷 Bb-Ⅳ-1 (the powers in East Asian waters in the 16th and 17th centuries) and 歷 Bb-Ⅳ-2 (contact between Indigenous peoples and outsiders).課綱對應（十二年國教社會領域，國中歷史）：歷 Bb-Ⅳ-1「十六、十七世紀東亞海域的各方勢力。」、歷 Bb-Ⅳ-2「原住民族與外來者的接觸。」
- A change to the plan. This lesson was planned around a romanized document in a northern Indigenous language. The Spanish did write such books, but none is known to survive, so the lesson teaches them as lost books. The romanized texts that do survive from the 1600s are Dutch-era texts in languages of the south and central west, such as Siraya and Favorlang.規劃的一處改動。這一課原本規劃要讀一份用羅馬字寫的北部原住民族語言文書。西班牙人確實寫過這樣的書，但目前沒有任何一本留存，所以這一課把它們當成「失傳的書」來教。留存下來的 1600 年代羅馬字文本，是荷蘭時期記錄南部與中西部語言（例如西拉雅語、虎尾壠語）的。
- Human remains. The Heping Island cemetery holds real people. The lesson shows no images of the burials; please keep the same respect in class.遺骸。和平島的墓地裡是真實的人。這一課不放任何墓葬的影像；也請在課堂上保持同樣的尊重。
- Names. The lesson uses Basay for the people of the Keelung coast and Ketagalan for the people of the Tamsui area, following the sources; some scholars count the Basay within the Ketagalan. The Ketagalan are among the Pingpu peoples who have applied to the Council of Indigenous Peoples for recognition (Lesson 3).名稱。依出處，這一課用「巴賽人」稱雞籠海岸的族群，用「凱達格蘭族」稱淡水一帶的族群；有些學者把巴賽人歸在凱達格蘭族之內。凱達格蘭族是向原民會提出申請核定的平埔族群之一（見第三課）。
Classroom Activity 1 · 課堂活動一
Lost and Found 失物招領
You need · 準備材料
- A large sheet of paper divided into three columns: Dug up, Still there, Lost一張分成三欄的大紙：挖出來了、還在、失傳了
Steps · 步驟
- In groups, list everything this lesson says the Spanish left or made.分組列出課文說西班牙人留下或做過的所有東西。
- Put each one in a column.把每一樣放進一欄。
- For the Lost column, write how we know the thing existed at all.在「失傳了」那一欄，寫下我們怎麼知道它曾經存在。
- Share: which column is the longest, and what does that tell us about this period?分享：哪一欄最長？這告訴我們這段時期的什麼？
Point out that “lost” items can still be evidence, if someone recorded them.
提醒學生：失傳的東西，只要有人記下來，仍然可以是證據。
Classroom Activity 2 · 課堂活動二
Write a Museum Label 寫一張博物館說明牌
You need · 準備材料
- Index cards小卡片
- The map cards and the reading地圖上的卡片和課文
Steps · 步驟
- Choose one place: Heping Island, Fort San Domingo, or Tayouan.選一個地方：和平島、淡水紅毛城園區，或大員。
- Write a label of no more than 40 English words: what it is, when, and how we know.寫一張不超過 40 個英文字的說明牌：它是什麼、什麼時候、我們怎麼知道。
- Add one sentence about the people who lived there before the Europeans came.加一句話，寫歐洲人來之前就住在那裡的人。
- Read the labels aloud and check each fact against the lesson.把說明牌念出來，逐一對照課文核對事實。
Ask students to use one History English sentence, such as “Early studies suggest that…”
請學生用上一句歷史英語，例如 Early studies suggest that…
Go Further · 延伸閱讀
Back to the Dutch fort, and on to Koxinga 回到荷蘭人的城，再往鄭成功走
Taiwan’s Story · Lesson 5 · 台灣歷史・第五課Why Did the Dutch Build a Fort in Tainan?荷蘭人為什麼在台南蓋城？The Dutch in the south, during the same years.同一段時間，南部的荷蘭人。Go to the lesson · 前往這一課 →
Taiwan’s Story · Lesson 7 · 台灣歷史・第七課Who Was Koxinga?鄭成功是誰？The man to whom the Dutch surrendered in 1662.1662 年荷蘭人向他投降的那個人。Coming soon · 製作中
Sources · 資料出處
Facts, dates, quotations, and numbers on this page were checked against these sources in October 2026; quotations keep the original wording. English translations of Chinese wording are ours. · 本頁的事實、年代、引文與數字於 2026 年 10 月依下列資料查證；引文保留原文。中文的英譯是我們譯的。
- The Spanish from Manila (motives); May 1626 along the east coast to Keelung, the ceremony on May 16 on Sheliao Island (Heping Island), San Salvador; the Parián; supply ships twice a year, silver from the Americas; 1627 ambush, 1628 Santo Domingo; 1636 night attack over the tax; 200–300 soldiers, staying in forts; 1633 Japan trade ends, illness, few Chinese ships; 1637 decision to leave Tamsui; August 21–25, 1642; 16 years; 10 years at Tamsui (1628–1638); the Dutch “nearly 20 years” in the north; Fort Antonio 1642; 1655 rising; November 1661 Dutch leave Tamsui馬尼拉的西班牙人與其動機；1626 年 5 月沿東海岸北上、16 日在社寮島舉行佔領儀式、聖救主城（聖薩爾瓦多城）；澗內（Parián）；每年兩次的補給船與美洲白銀；1627 年誘殺事件、1628 年聖多明哥城；1636 年因課稅夜襲；駐守 2、300 人、退居堡壘；1633 年後對日貿易中斷、風土病、中國商船少；1637 年決議棄守淡水；1642 年 8 月 21–25 日；16 年；1642 年 Anthonio 城；1655 年反抗；1661 年 11 月荷蘭人撤出淡水《淡水鎮志》第四篇〈政事志〉（林呈蓉編纂），新北市淡水區公所 ↗
- Santo Domingo 1628; expelled by the Dutch in 1642 (this guide); destroyed by the Spanish before leaving; Fort Antonio built nearby; the name Hongmaocheng (local people called the Dutch “紅髮野人”); the site named Fuerte San Domingo1628 年聖多明哥城；1642 年被荷蘭人驅逐（依此導覽資料）；西班牙人離開前將其摧毀；荷蘭人在附近建安東尼堡；「紅毛城」名稱由來（當地居民稱荷蘭人為「紅髮野人」）；園區以 Fuerte San Domingo 命名新北市政府文化局〈淡水景點介紹〉 ↗
- Excavations on Heping Island since 2011; a church or Christian convent and its cemetery; six burials by 2016; a burial with hands folded in prayer (November 2016); people from Europe, Asia, and possibly Africa; “an early globalisation hub”; historians assumed a marginal role; excavations first under CSIC (Spain) and Taiwan’s National Science Council; Konstanz and Academia Sinica partners since 2013和平島自 2011 年起的發掘；教堂（修院）與墓地；到 2016 年六座墓葬；2016 年 11 月雙手合十的墓葬；來自歐洲、亞洲，可能還有非洲的人；「早期全球化的樞紐」；歷史學者向來認為只是邊緣角色；合作單位中央研究院University of Konstanz, “A new perspective on the European colonisation of Asia” (March 23, 2017) ↗
- San Salvador at Heping Island in 1626; the church of Todos los Santos; 15 sets of remains by the 2019 digs; Yuanshan stone tools and pottery, an Iron Age furnace, Basay objects; Spanish records describe the Basay as traders in agate and glass beads1626 年在和平島建聖薩爾瓦多城；諸聖教堂；2019 年擴大挖掘後共 15 具遺骸；圓山文化石器與陶片、鐵器時代煉鐵爐、巴賽人的生活物品；西班牙文獻描述巴賽人擅長交易瑪瑙珠、玻璃珠公視新聞〈探勘和平島遺跡 重現大航海時期歷史〉（2020-01-28） ↗
- Layers of the Yuanshan and Shisanhang cultures at the site; a visitor center under construction遺址有圓山文化層、十三行文化層；興建解說中心公視新聞，和平島諸聖教堂遺址解說中心動土（2025-02-27） ↗
- Heping Island B, Zhongzheng District, Keelung: a national archaeological site和平島B考古遺址（基隆市中正區）：國定考古遺址文化部文化資產局 國家考古遺址出土遺物典藏系統〈和平島B考古遺址〉 ↗
- The review committee agreed to make Heping Island B a national archaeological site; layers from the late Neolithic to the Iron Age, continuing into the Spanish period; the church of Todos los Santos考古遺址審議會同意將和平島B考古遺址指定為國定考古遺址；新石器時代晚期至鐵器時代的文化層，延續至西班牙殖民時期；諸聖教堂新頭殼〈和平島B考古遺址 將升格國定考古遺址〉（2025-10-14，報導文化部考古遺址審議會） ↗
- Esquivel (in Taiwan 1631–1633), vocabulary of the Tamsui language; Quirós (1632–1642), grammar and vocabulary of the language of Formosa; possibly varieties of Basay; “No extant copies of these vocabularies have been found”; the Favorlang lexicon of 1650, found in Batavia in 1839; the oldest surviving lexicography from Taiwan is Dutch-era (Favorlang, Siraya)Esquivel（1631–1633 在台）的淡水語詞彙；Quirós（1632–1642）的福爾摩沙語文法與詞彙；可能是巴賽語的方言；「目前尚未找到這些詞彙的任何傳本」；1650 年的虎尾壠語詞典，1839 年在巴達維亞被發現Paul Jen-kuei Li, Christopher Joby & Elizabeth Zeitoun, “Word Lists and Dictionaries of Formosan Languages”, in a Brill handbook of Formosan languages, posted by Academia Sinica’s Institute of Linguistics ↗
- The Dutch reoccupied Keelung in August 1664 and left in June 16681664 年 8 月荷蘭人重新占領基隆，1668 年 6 月撤出吳聰敏〈從貿易與產業發展看荷治時期台灣殖民地經營之績效〉，《經濟論文叢刊》44:3（2016） ↗
- The Ketagalan among nine Pingpu peoples that have applied for recognition (October 2025)凱達格蘭族為向原民會提出申請的九個平埔族群之一（2025 年 10 月）原住民族委員會 新聞稿（2025/10/28） ↗
- Fort Zeelandia: the only Dutch-period remnant is the southern brick wall outside the front gate熱蘭遮城：荷蘭時期唯一遺跡是正門外南邊的磚牆Tainan City Government, Travel Tainan: Anping Old Fort ↗
- Curriculum: 歷 Bb-Ⅳ-1, 歷 Bb-Ⅳ-2課綱：歷 Bb-Ⅳ-1、歷 Bb-Ⅳ-2十二年國民基本教育課程綱要 社會領域（教育部，2018） ↗
- Coastline on the map地圖的海岸線Natural Earth, Terms of Use ↗