Ten years to build蓋了十年
The print shows the fort in 1632, two years before it was finished. Compare the print and the model, number by number, and notice which parts of the model are guesses.
版畫畫的是 1632 年、完工前兩年的城。一個編號一個編號，比一比版畫和模型，也注意模型哪些部分是推想的。
Taiwan's Story · Unit 2 · Lesson 5 · 台灣歷史 單元二 第五課
Why Did the Dutch Build a Fort in Tainan?荷蘭人為什麼在台南蓋城？
Turn a 3D model of Fort Zeelandia, built from a print showing Tayouan in 1632, and switch to today to see what is left. Follow the monsoon winds that carried silk, deerskins, sugar, and silver through Tayouan, and sort out who did the work: Indigenous villagers, Chinese settlers, or the Company.
轉一轉依畫出 1632 年大員景象的版畫做成的熱蘭遮城 3D 模型，再切換到今天，看還剩下什麼。跟著季風看生絲、鹿皮、糖和白銀怎麼經過大員；再分一分這些工作是誰做的：原住民族的村社、漢人移民，還是荷蘭東印度公司。
Big idea · 一句話看懂
The Dutch East India Company wanted a base for trading with China. At Ming officials’ request it left Penghu for Tayouan, where it traded Chinese silk to Japan and built a fort. But the island was not empty: Siraya villages lived there, and the Company soon fought, made treaties, collected taxes, and relied on Chinese farmers. A trading post became a colony.
荷蘭東印度公司想要一個和中國貿易的據點。它在明朝官員的要求下撤出澎湖、移到大員，在那裡把中國的生絲轉賣到日本，也蓋了一座城。但這座島不是空的：西拉雅族的村社就住在這裡；公司很快就開始打仗、訂條約、收稅，也依靠漢人農民。一個貿易據點，變成了殖民地。
3D Model · 3D 模型
Fort Zeelandia, as a Print Shows It in 1632 熱蘭遮城：版畫裡 1632 年的樣子
The model is a reconstruction based on one print, beside it, that shows Tayouan in 1632; the same numbers are on both. Tap a number to read what it is and how we know. The model also fills in what the print does not show: those parts are guesses, or are added from written sources, and the cards say which. Switch on Today to see what has changed. The timeline below the print lists events from 1624 to 1662; tap one to read about it.
這個模型是依據旁邊那一張版畫重建的示意，版畫畫的是 1632 年的大員；兩邊標著同樣的編號。點一個編號，看它是什麼、我們怎麼知道。版畫上沒畫到的部分，模型也補上了：那些是推想的，或是依文字資料加上的，卡片上都會說明。打開「今天」，看看改變了什麼。版畫下面的時間軸列出 1624 到 1662 年的事件，點一個就能讀。
Reconstruction, based on a print showing 1632 · 示意，依據畫出 1632 年景象的版畫
Drag to turn · 拖曳旋轉 Scroll or pinch to zoom · 滾輪／雙指縮放
This 3D model needs WebGL, which this browser does not support. The print, the list of things to look at, and the timeline beside it still work.
這個瀏覽器不支援 WebGL，無法顯示 3D 模型；旁邊的版畫、重點清單和時間軸照樣能用。
- Numbered dot: the same number on the model and on the print
有編號的圓點：模型和版畫上是同一個編號 - Not in the print: the junks come from a written source, the wall from today, and the back of the fort is a guess
版畫上沒有的：中式帆船依文字資料、磚牆是今天的、城的後半部是推想
This is not a measured drawing. The fort, the hill, and the buildings follow one print showing 1632, which may itself simplify or exaggerate; the parts the print does not show are guesses. The fort was finished in 1634, two years after this view, and much of it is gone today. The print has a small mark that may be a compass, but we do not know how to read it, so the model shows no directions.
這不是測繪圖。城、高地和房子都是照一張畫出 1632 年景象的版畫推想的，而版畫本身也可能簡化或誇大；版畫上沒畫到的部分是推想的。城在這個景象兩年後的 1634 年才完工，今天大部分已經不在了。版畫上有一個小記號可能是羅盤，但我們不知道該怎麼讀，所以模型沒有標方位。
Model and code by My Culture Connect, based on: Rijksmuseum RP-P-OB-75.470 (public domain). Dates and today’s remains: Tainan City Government. 模型與程式由人師教育協會製作，依據荷蘭國家博物館 RP-P-OB-75.470（公有領域）；年代與今天的遺跡依臺南市政府。
Reading · 英文閱讀
5
Unit 5: Why Did the Dutch Build a Fort in Tainan?
In the early 1600s, the Dutch East India Company, a trading company from the Netherlands, wanted to trade with China. Ming officials would not let it set up a base on China’s coast, or on the Penghu Islands. In September 1624, at their request, the Company left Penghu and moved to Tayouan, a sandbar near today’s Anping in Tainan. The understanding was that Chinese merchants would be allowed to come and trade there.
1600 年代初，來自荷蘭的貿易公司「荷蘭東印度公司」想要和中國做生意。明朝官員不准它在中國沿岸設立據點，也不准它留在澎湖。1624 年 9 月，公司在明朝官員的要求下撤出澎湖，進駐大員——今天台南安平附近的一片沙洲。雙方的默契是：明朝會允許中國商人到這裡來貿易。
At Tayouan the Company built a fort. Work began in 1624, the fort was named Zeelandia in 1627, and it was finished in 1634. A print showing Tayouan in 1632 has it on a hill by the water, with pointed corners, wooden fences on the slope, and ships in the bay. It became the Company’s military, trading, and government center in Taiwan.
公司在大員蓋了一座城。1624 年開始興建，1627 年定名為熱蘭遮城，1634 年完工。一張畫出 1632 年大員景象的版畫上，城蓋在海邊的高地上，有尖尖的城角、山坡上有木柵欄，海灣裡停著船。它成為荷蘭人在台灣的軍事、貿易與行政中心。
Tayouan was not empty land. Siraya villages lived nearby, among them Sinkan, Soulang, Bakloan, and Mattau. In 1627 Sinkan built a house for Company soldiers, but in 1629, 63 Company soldiers were killed at Mattau. In 1635 the Company attacked Mattau, with Sinkan warriors at its side, and burned the village. Mattau then signed a treaty, written by the Company, giving up its land. A trading post was turning into a colony.
大員並不是沒有人的土地。西拉雅族的村社就住在附近，其中有新港、蕭壠、目加溜灣和麻豆。1627 年，新港社為公司的士兵蓋了一間房子；但 1629 年，有 63 名公司士兵死在麻豆社。1635 年，公司帶著新港社的戰士出兵麻豆社，燒了村莊；接著麻豆社簽下一份由公司起草的條約，交出了土地。一個貿易據點，正在變成殖民地。
The Company’s main business was buying Chinese silk at Tayouan and selling it in Japan. From 1635 to 1639, raw silk and silk cloth made up 87 percent of everything the Company’s trading posts sent to Japan. Taiwan’s own best-known product was deerskins: Japanese traders said they had come to buy them six years before the Dutch, and in 1636 Taiwan exported 60,440 skins. Indigenous villagers hunted deer; from 1636 to 1645, the Company also licensed Chinese hunters.
公司最主要的生意，是在大員買中國的生絲，運到日本賣。1635 到 1639 年間，公司各地商館運到日本的商品，有 87% 是生絲和絲織品。台灣本地最有名的產品是鹿皮：日本商人說，他們在荷蘭人來之前六年就來台灣買鹿皮了；1636 年，台灣出口了 60,440 張鹿皮。原住民族的村社獵鹿；1636 到 1645 年間，公司也發獵鹿執照給漢人獵戶。
From the 1630s, Chinese farmers came to grow sugarcane and rice. The Company bought their sugar at a guaranteed price and sold it as far away as Japan and Persia, and every Chinese farmer paid a head tax. From 1644, Chinese traders bid for the right to be the only trader in a village. In 1652 Chinese settlers rose up against the Company, in what is called the Guo Huaiyi incident. Afterward, the Company built another fort, Provintia, at Chikan.
從 1630 年代起，漢人農民來到台灣種甘蔗和稻米。公司用保證價格收購他們的糖，賣到日本，甚至遠到波斯；每一位漢人農民都要繳人頭稅。從 1644 年起，漢人商人用競標取得和一個社獨家交易的權利，這叫做贌社。1652 年，漢人移民起事反抗公司，史稱郭懷一事件。事件之後，公司在赤崁又蓋了另一座城：普羅民遮城（Provintia）。
Did Taiwan make money for the Company? Historians disagree. Some read the account books as showing large profits; the economist Wu Tsong-min recalculated them and found a profit in only a few years. In 1662 the Company surrendered to Zheng Chenggong and left. That December, its council in Batavia had doubts about sending a force to retake Taiwan, and suggested looking for a trading harbor farther north instead.
台灣到底有沒有替公司賺錢？歷史學者的看法不一樣。有人認為帳簿顯示利潤很大；經濟學者吳聰敏重新計算後發現，只有少數幾年有賺。1662 年，公司向鄭成功投降、離開台灣。同年 12 月，巴達維亞的評議會對出兵收復台灣有所保留，建議另外在北方找一個貿易港口。
Read aloud · 課文朗讀
Questions · 閱讀理解
Why did the Dutch East India Company move to Tayouan in 1624?
Because Ming officials would not let it stay on the Penghu Islands or set up a base on China’s coast; at their request it moved to Tayouan, where Chinese merchants would be allowed to come and trade.
The Company came to trade. Name two things it did that a simple trading post would not do.
For example: it attacked Mattau, and a treaty written by the Company has Mattau giving up its land; it collected a head tax from Chinese farmers; it built another fort after the 1652 incident.
In the deerskin trade, what did Indigenous villagers, Chinese hunters and traders, and the Company each do?
Indigenous villagers hunted deer, and from 1636 to 1645 licensed Chinese hunters did too; from 1644, one Chinese trader per village, chosen by bidding, handled the village trade; the Company bought the deerskins and shipped them to Japan.
Words & Phrases · 生字及片語
company(n.)公司The Dutch East India Company was a trading company.荷蘭東印度公司是一家貿易公司。fort(n.)城堡；要塞The fort stood on a hill by the water.這座城蓋在海邊的高地上。sandbar(n.)沙洲The town of Tayouan stood on a sandbar.大員的市鎮在一片沙洲上。deerskin(n.)鹿皮In 1636 Taiwan exported 60,440 deerskins.1636 年台灣出口了 60,440 張鹿皮。sugarcane(n.)甘蔗Chinese farmers grew sugarcane.漢人農民種甘蔗。tax(n.)稅Every Chinese farmer paid a head tax.每一位漢人農民都要繳人頭稅。treaty(n.)條約In the treaty, Mattau gave up its land.在這份條約裡，麻豆社交出了土地。profit(n.)利潤Historians disagree about how much profit Taiwan made.歷史學者對台灣帶來多少利潤看法不一。
Quick Check · 小測驗
1. Which place did the Company leave in 1624, at the request of Ming officials?
2. In which year was Fort Zeelandia finished?
3. From 1635 to 1639, what made up most of what the Company’s posts sent to Japan?
4. Who grew the sugarcane in Dutch-era Taiwan?
5. What is left of the Dutch fort today?
Try It on the Model · 在模型上試試
Four things to look at 四件值得看的事
Now look at the print without the model. What can the print tell you, and what can it not? Who made it, and for whom?
現在不看模型，只看版畫。版畫能告訴你什麼？不能告訴你什麼？它是誰做的？做給誰看的？
Not empty land不是沒有人的土地
Siraya villages lived nearby. Read what happened between the Company, Sinkan, and Mattau.
西拉雅族的村社就住在附近。讀一讀公司、新港社和麻豆社之間發生了什麼事。
Ships from a written source依文字資料加上的船
The junks are not taken from the print. They were added because written sources say Chinese junks crossed the strait almost all year.
這兩艘中式帆船不是照版畫畫的；是因為文字資料說中式帆船幾乎一年到頭都在海峽往來，才加上去的。
Sea into land海變成陸地
Switch to today: the sea in front of the fort is land, and only one brick wall of Fort Zeelandia is left from the Dutch period.
切換到今天：城前面的海變成了陸地，熱蘭遮城在荷蘭時期只留下一段磚牆。
Where Did the Goods Go? · 貨物往哪裡去？
The winds that moved the trade 帶著貿易走的季風
Ships with sails followed the monsoon winds. Choose a season, then tap a route to see what it carried.
帆船跟著季風走。選一個季節，再點一條航路，看它載了什麼。
The curved lines only show where goods went from and to; they are not the routes the ships really sailed. The map shows only land and sea (Natural Earth, public domain), with no borders. Places are marked roughly.彎曲的線只表示貨物從哪裡到哪裡，不是船實際走的航線。地圖只畫陸地和海（Natural Earth，公有領域），不畫任何界線；地點的位置是大概的。
On the Timeline · 在時間軸上
Where this lesson sits 這一課講的是哪裡
The Company stayed in Taiwan for about 38 years, from 1624 to 1662.
荷蘭東印度公司在台灣大約 38 年，從 1624 年到 1662 年。
Thirty-eight years is short on a timeline that reaches back tens of thousands of years. But in those years, written records about Taiwan grew quickly: much of what we know comes from the Company’s own letters and account books.在一條往回好幾萬年的時間軸上，三十八年很短。但在這些年裡，關於台灣的文字記錄快速增加：我們知道的很多事，都來自公司自己的書信和帳簿。
Game · 小遊戲
Who Did This Work? 這份工作是誰做的？
Eight jobs from this lesson. Who did each one: Indigenous villagers, Chinese settlers and traders, or the Company? There is no timer; the game only counts how many you sort right the first time.
這一課裡的八件事。每一件是誰做的：原住民族的村社、漢人移民與商人，還是荷蘭東印度公司？這裡不計時；遊戲只記下你第一次就分對幾件。
The lines between the groups were not neat. Chinese hunters also hunted deer from 1636 to 1645, and Chinese traders and Indigenous villagers traded with each other before the Company came, a tie that worried the Company the whole time it was in Taiwan.這三群人之間的界線並不整齊。1636 到 1645 年間，漢人獵戶也在獵鹿；而公司來之前，漢人和原住民族之間就已經在交易，這層關係公司在台灣的整段時間都放心不下。
How Do We Know? · 我們怎麼知道？
The evidence behind this lesson 這一課依據的證據
These are the records behind this lesson; most can be opened online. Notice how much of it was written by the Company.
下面是這一課依據的紀錄，大多可以在網路上打開。注意看：其中有多少是公司自己寫的。
🖼️A picture圖像
The print of 16321632 年的版畫
The model follows this print. A print shows what its maker chose to show; this one was published in a collection of travel journals.模型照這張版畫做。版畫呈現的是作者選擇要畫的東西；這一張是刊在航海日誌的合集裡。
Where it lives · 保存在哪裡Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-OB-75.470.阿姆斯特丹荷蘭國家博物館，RP-P-OB-75.470。
Rijksmuseum ↗✉️Company letters公司的書信
What happened at Mattau麻豆社發生了什麼事
The events of 1629 and 1635 are known mainly from letters written by Company officials. A teaching booklet from Taiwan’s National Academy for Educational Research quotes them, and asks what the Siraya side might have said.1629 年和 1635 年的事件，主要是從公司官員寫的信知道的。國家教育研究院的補充教材引用了這些信，也問：西拉雅族那一方會怎麼說？
Where it lives · 保存在哪裡The letters themselves are not online; the booklet quotes them, and is online.原信網路上看不到；補充教材引用了它們，教材可以在網路上看。
國家教育研究院《原住民族重大歷史事件補充教材：麻豆社事件》（陳國陞） ↗📒Account books帳簿
Deerskins, silk, sugar, and profit鹿皮、生絲、糖與利潤
The trade numbers in this lesson come from the Company’s account books, as studied by historians and recalculated by the economist Wu Tsong-min. (The numbers of soldiers and of people killed come from Company letters.)這一課的貿易數字來自公司的帳簿，經過歷史學者整理、經濟學者吳聰敏重新計算。（士兵與死亡的人數則來自公司的書信。）
Where it lives · 保存在哪裡Taiwan Economic Review 44:3 (2016), open online.《經濟論文叢刊》44:3（2016），網路上可以看。
吳聰敏〈從貿易與產業發展看荷治時期台灣殖民地經營之績效〉，《經濟論文叢刊》44:3（2016） ↗🏛️A city record市政府的資料
The fort’s dates, and what is left城的年代，以及留下了什麼
Tainan City Government gives the dates of the fort and says the only part left from the Dutch period is the brick wall on the south side.臺南市政府寫明城堡的年代，並說荷蘭時期留下來的只有南邊那段磚牆。
Where it lives · 保存在哪裡Anping Old Fort, Tainan; the city’s websites.台南安平古堡；臺南市政府的網站。
Tainan City Government, Travel Tainan: Anping Old Fort ↗Different Views · 不同的說法
One question with more than one answer 一個不只一種答案的問題
Each answer below has a source. The lesson does not choose.
下面每一個答案都有出處。課文不替誰選邊。
Did Taiwan make money for the Company?台灣有沒有替公司賺錢？
Nakamura Takashi (1997), as summarized by Wu中村孝志（1997），依吳聰敏的整理
From the account books, most years after 1646 show a surplus, so the Company’s rule in Taiwan was a success; losing Taiwan in 1662 was a heavy blow, like losing a pearl from the palm of one’s hand (our translation of Wu’s Chinese wording).從帳簿看，1646 年以後多數年度都有盈餘，所以荷蘭人在台灣的經營是成功的；1662 年失去台灣，對公司來說正如「喪失掌中明珠般的大打擊」。
吳聰敏〈從貿易與產業發展看荷治時期台灣殖民地經營之績效〉，《經濟論文叢刊》44:3（2016） ↗Van Veen (1996), as summarized by WuVan Veen（1996），依吳聰敏的整理
From the early 1650s, the Company’s rule in Taiwan created large profits.從 1650 年代初期開始，公司在台灣的經營創造了很大的利潤。
吳聰敏〈從貿易與產業發展看荷治時期台灣殖民地經營之績效〉，《經濟論文叢刊》44:3（2016） ↗Wu Tsong-min (2016)吳聰敏（2016）
The account books do not show the real result: profits from Taiwan’s deerskins and silk were booked in Japan, and costs were left out. Recalculated, the colony made a profit in only a few years from the mid-1630s on. Wu argues that this explains why the Batavia council, in 1662, did not push to retake Taiwan.帳面上的盈虧不能反映真正的成效：台灣鹿皮與生絲的利潤記在日本商館的帳上，成本也沒有算進去。重新估算的結果，從 1630 年代中期到荷治末期，只有少數幾個年度有利潤。吳聰敏認為，這說明了巴城評議會 1662 年為什麼沒有積極收復台灣。
吳聰敏〈從貿易與產業發展看荷治時期台灣殖民地經營之績效〉，《經濟論文叢刊》44:3（2016） ↗All three answers are reported here from Wu’s article, which sets out the two earlier views before giving its own; we read Wu’s summary, not the earlier books. They disagree mainly about how to read the same account books.三個答案都是依吳聰敏的論文轉述；他的論文先列出前兩位學者的看法，再提出自己的估算（我們讀的是吳文的摘述，不是前兩位的原書）。分歧主要在於：同一批帳簿應該怎麼讀。
The rule is the same in every lesson: views are set side by side, each with its source, and the lesson does not choose.每一課的規則都一樣：說法並列、各附出處，課文不替誰選邊。
History English · 歷史英語
Eight sentences for talking about trade and power 談貿易與權力的八句英文
Some of these describe trade; others report what a source says. Tap 🔊 to hear each one, then try swapping the words in bold.
有幾句描述貿易；有幾句轉述資料怎麼說。點 🔊 聽每一句，再試著把粗體的部分換掉。
- The Company moved its base to Tayouan in 1624.公司在 1624 年把據點移到大員。moved its base to: changed where it worked from.moved its base to：把據點移到某地。
- The fort took ten years to build.這座城花了十年才蓋好。took … to build: how long a building took.took … to build：花了多久蓋好。
- Villagers traded deerskins in exchange for cloth and salt.村社的人用鹿皮換布和鹽。in exchange for: what you get back in a trade.in exchange for：交換得到的東西。
- Silk made up most of what the Company sent to Japan.公司運到日本的東西，大部分是生絲和絲織品。made up: was the largest part of a whole.made up：構成（整體的大部分）。
- According to a Company letter, 63 soldiers were sent to Mattau.依照公司的一封信，有 63 名士兵被派到麻豆社。According to: tells the listener whose account this is.According to：說明這是誰的說法。
- The treaty says that Mattau gave up its land.條約上寫著，麻豆社交出了土地。says that: reports what a document states, without claiming it is the whole story.says that：轉述文件上寫的內容，不代表那就是全部的事實。
- Historians disagree about whether Taiwan made money for the Company.歷史學者對台灣有沒有替公司賺錢看法不一。disagree about whether: introduces an open question.disagree about whether：提出一個還有爭論的問題。
- The sea in front of the fort has since become land.城前面的海，後來已經變成了陸地。has since become: a change from then until now.has since become：從那時到現在的改變。
In Taiwan · 在台灣
A wall with roots, a price list, a missionary, and a fixed price for sugar 爬滿樹根的牆、一張價目表、一位傳教士，和糖的保證價格
Four short notes on what the Company left behind.
四則關於公司留下了什麼的短短說明。
A wall · 一段牆
Banyan roots on Dutch bricks荷蘭磚牆上的榕樹根
At Anping Old Fort, the only part of Fort Zeelandia left from the Dutch period is a brick wall outside the front gate, wrapped in the roots of old banyan trees. Most of what you see today is much later: the fort was rebuilt after the Japanese period, and in 1975 the city added a pointed roof to the observation tower and painted the wall white.
安平古堡裡，熱蘭遮城在荷蘭時期留下來的，只有正門外的一段磚牆，被老榕樹的根緊緊纏住。今天看到的大多晚得多：日治時期之後重建，1975 年市政府在瞭望台上加了尖頂，並把牆漆成白色。
A list · 一張表
Deer legs for iron pots用鹿腿換鐵鍋
In 1648 the Company posted fixed prices for trade in the villages: how many deer legs, deerskins, or bundles of rice a villager would give the village trader for salt, a length of cloth, or an iron pot. The historian Chiu Hsin-hui reads the list as a step to hold back the traders’ monopoly, after complaints that trade was unfair, and as a sign of how much the villages now wanted outside goods.
1648 年，公司公告了村社交易的規定物價：一擔鹽、一段布或一個鐵鍋，村社的人要付給贌商幾隻鹿腿、幾張鹿皮或幾束稻穀。歷史學者邱馨慧認為，這張表是在交易被抱怨不公平之後，壓抑贌商壟斷的措施，也顯示出村社對外來物品的需求有多大。
A missionary · 一位傳教士
A preacher in Sinkan新港社的傳教士
In 1627 the Dutch minister Georgius Candidius arrived in Taiwan, and by 1628 he was preaching in Sinkan. The Company’s ties with Sinkan were close, but they were never simple: in 1629, after a quarrel with Japanese traders, the Company raided Sinkan and demanded pigs and rice as a punishment.
1627 年，荷蘭牧師甘迪留斯來到台灣，1628 年已經在新港社傳教。公司和新港社的關係很密切，但從來不單純：1629 年初，在和日本商人的糾紛之後，公司突襲新港社，要求交出豬和稻米作為懲罰。
A price · 一個價格
Sugar at a guaranteed price保證價格的糖
The Company did not grow sugar itself. Chinese farmers grew the cane and Chinese workers made the sugar; the Company promised to buy it at a guaranteed price and shipped it to Japan and Persia. Sugar from Taiwan was first sent to Japan in 1636.
公司自己不種甘蔗。甘蔗由漢人農民種、糖由漢人工人做；公司承諾用保證價格收購，再運到日本和波斯。台灣本地的糖，1636 年第一次運到日本。
Myth vs. Fact · 常見迷思
Four things people get wrong 四個常見的誤會
✗ Myth · 迷思Taiwan was empty when the Dutch came.荷蘭人來的時候，台灣沒有人住。
✓ Fact · 事實Siraya villages such as Sinkan and Mattau lived near Tayouan, and Chinese and Japanese traders were already coming to trade.大員附近就有新港、麻豆等西拉雅族村社，中國和日本的商人也早就來這裡交易。
✗ Myth · 迷思The Dutch came to Taiwan to settle and farm.荷蘭人來台灣是為了定居、種田。
✓ Fact · 事實The Company wanted a base for trade with China; it moved to Tayouan after leaving Penghu at Ming officials’ request. The sugar it sold was grown by Chinese farmers.公司要的是和中國貿易的據點；它在明朝官員的要求下撤出澎湖後，才移到大員。公司賣的糖，是漢人農民種的。
✗ Myth · 迷思Anping Old Fort today is the Dutch fort.今天的安平古堡就是荷蘭人蓋的城。
✓ Fact · 事實Only a brick wall on the south side is left of Fort Zeelandia from the Dutch period; the rest was rebuilt later.熱蘭遮城在荷蘭時期只留下南邊的一段磚牆，其餘都是後來重建的。
✗ Myth · 迷思Everyone agrees Taiwan made the Company rich.大家都同意台灣讓公司大賺一筆。
✓ Fact · 事實Historians disagree. Some read the account books as showing large profits; Wu Tsong-min found a profit in only a few years.歷史學者看法不一。有人認為帳簿顯示利潤很大；吳聰敏重新計算後，只有少數幾年有利潤。
Remember It · 記憶口訣
Four things to keep in your pocket 四句帶著走的話
Trade first, then rule先貿易，後統治
A trading post can turn into a colony.
一個貿易據點，可以變成殖民地。
Three groups, one trade三群人，一門生意
Villagers, Chinese traders, and the Company all had a part.
村社、漢人商人、公司都有一份。
Whose letter?誰寫的信？
Much of what we know was written by the Company.
我們知道的很多事，是公司自己寫的。
A print is a choice版畫是一種選擇
It shows what its maker chose to show.
它畫的是作者選擇要畫的。
For Teachers · 給老師的提醒
Curriculum links, violence, and whose voice 課綱對應、暴力事件，以及誰的聲音
- Curriculum links (12-Year Basic Education, social studies, junior high history): 歷 Bb-Ⅳ-1 (the powers in East Asian waters in the 16th and 17th centuries) and 歷 Bb-Ⅳ-2 (contact between Indigenous peoples and outsiders).課綱對應（十二年國教社會領域，國中歷史）：歷 Bb-Ⅳ-1「十六、十七世紀東亞海域的各方勢力。」、歷 Bb-Ⅳ-2「原住民族與外來者的接觸。」
- Hard history. The events at Mattau in 1629 and 1635, and the incident of 1652, involved killing. The lesson states what the sources say, without detail, and does not take sides; most of these sources are Company letters. The National Academy for Educational Research’s booklet asks students whether 1629 should be called an “incident” or a “war”; that is a good question to open with.困難的歷史。1629 年、1635 年的麻豆社事件和 1652 年的郭懷一事件都有殺戮。課文只寫出處說了什麼，不描寫細節，也不替任何一方說話；這些出處大多是公司的書信。國家教育研究院的補充教材問學生：這應該叫「事件」還是「戰爭」？可以用這個問題開場。
- Whose voice. Almost everything about these years comes from Company documents. When you read a quotation, ask who wrote it and why, and what the Siraya villages or the Chinese settlers might have said.誰的聲音。這段時間的資料幾乎都來自公司的文件。讀到一段引文時，問一問是誰寫的、為什麼寫，西拉雅族的村社或漢人移民會怎麼說。
- The model is a reconstruction from one print. Please tell students so, and let them compare the model and the print number by number.模型是依一張版畫做的示意。請跟學生說明這一點，也讓他們一個編號一個編號比對模型和版畫。
Classroom Activity 1 · 課堂活動一
Follow the Wind 跟著風走
You need · 準備材料
- The trade map on this page本頁的季風航路圖
- Cards with the names of goods: silk, deerskins, sugar, silver, pepper, deer meat寫著貨物名稱的卡片：生絲、鹿皮、糖、白銀、胡椒、鹿肉
Steps · 步驟
- In groups, place each goods card on a map: where does it start, and where does it go?分組把每一張貨物卡放到地圖上：它從哪裡出發？要去哪裡？
- Mark which season each trip happens in.標出每一段路是在哪一個季節走的。
- Check your answers on the trade map.用季風航路圖核對答案。
- Discuss: why was Tayouan a good place for the Company to stop?討論：為什麼大員是公司停靠的好地方？
Ask students to explain one route in English, using “in exchange for” or “made up.”
請學生用英文說明一條航路，用上 in exchange for 或 made up。
Classroom Activity 2 · 課堂活動二
Read a Company Letter 讀一封公司的信
You need · 準備材料
- Governor Putmans’s letter about the attack on Mattau (in the timeline, 1635)時間軸上（1635 年）普特曼斯長官描述出兵麻豆社的那封信
Steps · 步驟
- Read the quotation together.一起讀那段引文。
- Answer: Who wrote it? To whom? What did he want them to think?回答：誰寫的？寫給誰？他希望對方怎麼想？
- In pairs, write two sentences that the people of Mattau might have written about the same days.兩人一組，寫兩句麻豆社的人可能會怎麼寫同樣這幾天。
- Share, and discuss: what can a letter tell us, and what can it not?分享並討論：一封信能告訴我們什麼？不能告訴我們什麼？
Keep the focus on whose voice we hear; do not ask students to act out violence.
重點放在「我們聽到的是誰的聲音」；不要讓學生演出暴力的場面。
Go Further · 延伸閱讀
Back to the maps, and on to the north 回到老地圖，再往北部走
Taiwan’s Story · Lesson 4 · 台灣歷史・第四課How Did the World First Draw Taiwan?世界最早怎麼畫台灣？Bellin marked “Ft Zelandia ruine” on his map of 1764.Bellin 1764 年的地圖標著「Ft Zelandia ruine」。Go to the lesson · 前往這一課 →Taiwan’s Story · Lesson 6 · 台灣歷史・第六課What Did the Spanish Leave in the North?西班牙人在北部留下了什麼？Another European power, at the other end of the island.另一股歐洲勢力，在島的另一頭。Go to the lesson · 前往這一課 →
Sources · 資料出處
Facts, dates, quotations, and numbers on this page were checked against these sources in October 2026; quotations keep the original wording. English translations of Chinese and Dutch wording are ours. · 本頁的事實、年代、引文與數字於 2026 年 10 月依下列資料查證；引文保留原文。中文與荷蘭文的英譯是我們譯的。
- The print: Gezicht op Fort Zeelandia op Taiwan, 1632 (a view of May 1632); an anonymous copy, etching and engraving, 1644–1646, after plates first used in Zeyger van Rechteren’s journal (Zwolle, 1635); public domain版畫〈Gezicht op Fort Zeelandia op Taiwan, 1632〉（1632 年 5 月的景象）；作者不詳的仿刻本，1644–1646；依據首見於 Zeyger van Rechteren 航海日誌（茲沃勒，1635）的版畫；公有領域Rijksmuseum, RP-P-OB-75.470 ↗
- The Company left Penghu in September 1624 at the request of Ming officials, on the understanding that Chinese merchants could trade in Taiwan; raw silk and silk cloth 87% of all Company posts’ exports to Japan (1635–1639); Japanese traders said they came for deerskins six years before the Dutch; 60,440 deerskins (1636); the village-leasing system; sugar from 1633, first export to Japan 1636, to Japan and Persia, guaranteed price, head tax; Guo Huaiyi (September 7, 1652); Provintia (1653–1655, 20.1% of spending); Nakamura’s and Van Veen’s views; the Batavia council in 16621624 年 9 月在明朝官員的要求下撤出澎湖；生絲與絲織品占對日出口 87%（1635–1639）；1636 年出口 60,440 張鹿皮；贌社；1633 年發展蔗糖、1636 年首度出口日本、銷日本與波斯、保證價格、人頭稅；郭懷一事件（1652-09-07）；Provintia（1653–1655，占支出 20.1%）；中村孝志與 Van Veen 的看法；巴城評議會 1662 年的評估吳聰敏〈從貿易與產業發展看荷治時期台灣殖民地經營之績效〉，《經濟論文叢刊》44:3（2016） ↗
- Sinkan’s house for ten soldiers (1627); Candidius preaching in Sinkan (1628); the raid on Sinkan (1629); Mattau, September 1629 (63 soldiers); the attack of November 23, 1635 (500 soldiers, 26 killed); the treaty of December 8, 1635, “from the mountains to the sea”; treaty articles 4 and 5新港社蓋房子給 10 名荷蘭士兵寄住（1627）；甘迪留斯（1627）；突襲新港社（1629）；麻豆社事件（1629 年 9 月，63 名）；1635 年 11 月 23 日出兵（500 名士兵、26 人死亡）；1635 年 12 月 8 日麻豆協約「東至山、西至海」國家教育研究院《原住民族重大歷史事件補充教材：麻豆社事件》（陳國陞） ↗
- 1624, completed 1634; captured by Koxinga in 1662; the only Dutch-period remnant is the southern brick wall outside the front gate; 1975 repairs, pointed roof, white wall1624 年建、1634 年完工；1662 年鄭成功攻下；荷蘭時期唯一遺跡是正門外南邊的磚牆；1975 年整修、加尖頂、漆白Tainan City Government, Travel Tainan: Anping Old Fort ↗
- Built from 1624, named Zeelandia in 1627, finished in 1634; military, trade, and administrative center1624 年興建、1627 年定名熱蘭遮城、1634 年完工；軍事、貿易及行政中心臺南市文化資產管理處〈熱蘭遮城的前世今生〉 ↗
- Village leasing from 1644 (first villages leased in 1642); licences for Chinese deer hunters 1636–1645; the 1648 price list; the Guo Huaiyi incident and the lease-holders’ debts; the tie between Indigenous and Chinese traders贌社 1644 年開辦（1642 年已有第一批村社租出）；1636–1645 年發放獵鹿執照給漢獵戶；1648 年公告的規定物價；郭懷一事件與贌商的債務；「原漢連結」邱馨慧〈近代初期臺灣原住民的「消費者革命」〉 ↗
- The monsoon schedule at Tayouan (south wind June–September); Chinese junks across the strait almost all year; silver from Japan to buy Chinese goods大員的季風航運（南季節風 6–9 月）；中國戎克船幾乎全年往來海峽；從日本取得白銀換購中國貨物邱馨慧〈荷蘭東印度公司的「訊息貨物」與區域性思維──以 1637 年臺灣轉口貿易為例的分析〉，《文史台灣學報》5 ↗
- English spellings of the village names (Sinkan, Soulang, Bakloan, Mattau); Candidius arrived on May 4, 1627村社名稱的英文拼法（Sinkan、Soulang、Bakloan、Mattau）；甘迪留斯 1627 年 5 月 4 日抵台William Campbell, Formosa under the Dutch (1903), Internet Archive ↗
- Curriculum: 歷 Bb-Ⅳ-1, 歷 Bb-Ⅳ-2課綱：歷 Bb-Ⅳ-1、歷 Bb-Ⅳ-2十二年國民基本教育課程綱要 社會領域（教育部，2018） ↗
- Land on the trade map航路圖上的陸地Natural Earth, Terms of Use ↗