One cup, five weights同樣一杯，五種重量
The model fills the same cup five times and weighs it each time. The cup never changes. The number on the scale does.
模型會把同一個量杯裝滿五次，每次都秤一秤。杯子沒有變，秤上的數字卻一直變。
Life Skills at Home · Unit 1 · Lesson 1 · 家政 單元一 第一課
Why Does an American Recipe Say “Cups”?美國的食譜為什麼寫「幾杯」？
Pour water, flour, sugar, rice, and oil into the same measuring cup and set it on a scale. The cup is full every time, but the grams are not the same. Then change a recipe from cups to grams, and make it bigger or smaller.
把水、麵粉、糖、米、油倒進同一個量杯，再放上秤：每次都是滿滿一杯，公克數卻不一樣。接著把一份食譜從「杯」換成「公克」，再放大、縮小。
Big idea · 一句話看懂
There are two ways to measure food: by volume, with cups and spoons, and by weight, in grams. One cup of flour and one cup of sugar do not weigh the same, so to change cups into grams you have to know what is in the cup.
量東西有兩種方法：量體積（杯、匙）和量重量（公克）。同樣一杯，麵粉和糖不一樣重，所以把「杯」換成「公克」之前，要先知道杯子裡裝的是什麼。
3D Model · 3D 模型
One Cup on the Kitchen Counter 流理台上的一杯
Pick something to pour. The jar fills the measuring cup to the line, the cup goes onto the scale, and the scale shows the weight. Try all five. The cup looks the same every time, so watch the number. For flour, switch between spooning it in loosely and packing it down. Then press the spoon button to see three teaspoons fill one tablespoon.
選一樣東西來倒。罐子會把量杯倒到刻度，量杯放上秤，秤就顯示重量。五種都試試看：杯子每次看起來都一樣，要看的是數字。選麵粉的時候，可以切換「鬆鬆地舀」和「壓實」。再按量匙的按鈕，看三茶匙怎麼裝滿一湯匙。
Drag to turn · 拖曳旋轉 Scroll or pinch to zoom · 滾輪／雙指縮放
This 3D model needs WebGL, which this browser does not support. The numbers, the bar chart, and the buttons on this page still work, and so do the reading, the cards, and the activities.
這個瀏覽器不支援 WebGL，無法顯示 3D 模型；頁面上的讀數、長條圖與按鈕照樣能用，課文、卡片和小互動也都能用。
- Water: about 237 g in one US cup
水：美制一杯大約 237 公克 - All-purpose wheat flour: about 125 g, and up to about 160 g when packed down
中筋麵粉：大約 125 公克；壓實最多大約 160 公克 - White granulated sugar: about 200 g
白砂糖：大約 200 公克 - Uncooked long-grain white rice: about 185 g
生的長粒白米：大約 185 公克 - Vegetable oil: about 218 g
植物油：大約 218 公克
The weights are typical values from USDA FoodData Central. The packed-flour number is from King Arthur Baking. Your own flour, sugar, or rice may be a little different. The scale was set to zero with the empty cup on it, so it shows only what is inside.
重量是美國農業部食物資料庫（FoodData Central）的典型值；壓實麵粉的數字出自 King Arthur Baking。你家的麵粉、糖或米可能略有不同。這台秤先放上空杯歸零過，所以只顯示杯子裡的東西。
Everything on this counter was drawn for this lesson. It shows no brand and no real product. · 流理台上的每一樣東西都是為這一課畫的示意，不是任何品牌或實際商品。
Reading · 英文閱讀
1
Unit 1: Why Does an American Recipe Say “Cups”?
Open an American cookbook and you will not find many grams. You will find cups, tablespoons, and teaspoons. “Add 1 cup of flour and 2 tablespoons of oil,” the recipe says. In Taiwan, a recipe is more likely to give grams and milliliters. Neither way is wrong. They are two different answers to the same question: how much?
翻開一本美國的食譜，你找不到幾個「公克」，看到的是杯（cup）、湯匙（tablespoon）和茶匙（teaspoon）。食譜上寫著：「加 1 杯麵粉和 2 湯匙油。」在台灣，食譜比較常寫公克和毫升。兩種寫法都沒有錯，它們是用兩種方法回答同一個問題：要放多少？
The first way measures volume, which is how much space something takes up. A cup, a tablespoon, and a teaspoon are all units of volume. In the United States, one cup is about 237 milliliters. Three teaspoons make one tablespoon, and sixteen tablespoons make one cup. In the kitchen, people round a teaspoon to 5 milliliters and a tablespoon to 15.
第一種方法量的是體積，也就是東西占了多少空間。杯、湯匙、茶匙都是體積的單位。在美國，一杯大約是 237 毫升。三茶匙等於一湯匙，十六湯匙等於一杯。在廚房裡，大家把一茶匙當作 5 毫升，一湯匙當作 15 毫升。
The second way measures weight, which is how heavy something is. A kitchen scale shows it in grams. Here is the surprise. Fill the same cup with water, then with flour, then with sugar, and weigh it each time. The cup is full every time, but the scale shows about 237 grams of water, about 125 grams of flour, and about 200 grams of sugar.
第二種方法量的是重量，也就是東西有多重。廚房的秤用公克顯示重量。有趣的事情來了：用同一個杯子，先裝水，再裝麵粉，再裝糖，每次都秤一秤。杯子每次都是滿的，秤上卻是大約 237 公克的水、大約 125 公克的麵粉、大約 200 公克的糖。
Why are they different? Flour is a fine powder with a lot of air between its tiny pieces, so a cup of it is light. Sugar crystals pack closer together. Even the same flour can change. Spoon it in loosely, and a cup is about 125 grams. Pack it down, and the same cup can hold up to about 160 grams. This is why many bakers weigh their flour.
為什麼不一樣？麵粉是很細的粉，一粒一粒之間有很多空氣，所以一杯麵粉很輕；糖的結晶排得比較緊密。就算是同一種麵粉，也會變：鬆鬆地舀，一杯大約 125 公克；把它壓實，同一個杯子最多可以裝到大約 160 公克。所以很多做烘焙的人用秤來量麵粉。
Recipe English has its own short forms. “Tsp” means teaspoon, and “tbsp” means tablespoon. People read “1/2 cup” as “half a cup” and “1 1/2 cups” as “one and a half cups.” “A pinch of salt” is the tiny amount you can pick up between your thumb and one finger. The sign °F means degrees Fahrenheit, so an oven at 350°F is at about 177°C.
食譜的英文有自己的縮寫。tsp 是茶匙，tbsp 是湯匙。「1/2 cup」唸作 half a cup（半杯），「1 1/2 cups」唸作 one and a half cups（一杯半）。「a pinch of salt」（一小撮鹽）是拇指和一根手指捏得起來的那一點點。°F 是華氏的度數，所以烤箱的華氏 350 度大約是攝氏 177 度。
So how do you change a recipe? For water and other thin liquids, multiply the cups by about 237 to get milliliters. For dry things, you must know what is in the cup, because each food has its own number of grams per cup. Remember, too, that a cup is not the same size everywhere. A cup in Australia is 250 milliliters, and the cup that comes with a rice cooker is only about 180. Before you cook, ask one question: whose cup is this?
那麼，食譜要怎麼換單位？水和其他稀的液體，把杯數乘以大約 237，就是毫升。乾的材料就要先知道杯子裡裝的是什麼，因為每一種食物「一杯幾公克」都不一樣。還要記得：每個地方的「一杯」不一樣大。澳洲的一杯是 250 毫升，電鍋附的量米杯只有大約 180 毫升。下廚之前先問一句：這是誰的一杯？
Read aloud · 課文朗讀
Questions · 閱讀理解
A recipe says “1 cup of sugar.” Your friend says, “That is 237 grams, because one cup is 237 milliliters.” What is wrong with this idea?
Milliliters measure space and grams measure weight. Only water weighs about 1 gram for each milliliter. A cup of sugar takes up the same 237 milliliters, but it weighs about 200 grams.
Why do many bakers weigh flour instead of measuring it with a cup?
The amount of flour in a cup changes with how you fill it: about 125 grams when it is spooned in loosely, and up to about 160 grams when it is packed down. A scale gives the same amount every time.
Your family's rice cup holds about 180 milliliters. An American recipe asks for 1 cup of water. What will happen if you use the rice cup, and how could you fix it?
You will add too little water, because 180 milliliters is only about three quarters of a US cup. Measure 237 milliliters with a cup that has milliliter marks, or use one rice cup and then about one third of a rice cup more.
Words & Phrases · 生字及片語
recipe(n.)食譜This recipe makes twelve oat cookies.這份食譜可以做十二片燕麥餅乾。ingredient(n.)材料；食材Oats are the main ingredient in these cookies.燕麥是這種餅乾的主要材料。measure(v.)量；測量Measure the rice before you wash it.洗米之前，先把米量好。volume(n.)體積；容量A cup tells you the volume of the water, not its weight.量杯告訴你的是水的體積，不是重量。weigh(v.)秤重；重量是……One cup of sugar weighs about two hundred grams.一杯糖大約重兩百公克。scale(n.)秤Put the bowl on the scale and set it to zero.把碗放到秤上，然後歸零。pinch(n.)一小撮Add a pinch of salt to the oats.在燕麥裡加一小撮鹽。convert(v.)換算；轉換We can convert cups into milliliters.我們可以把「杯」換算成毫升。
Quick Check · 小測驗
1. Which of these measures volume?
2. How many teaspoons make one tablespoon?
3. One cup of flour and one cup of sugar are on two scales. What is true?
4. How do people read “1/2 cup” out loud?
5. A recipe for four people uses 3/4 cup of oats. How much do you need for eight people?
Try It in the Model · 在模型裡試試
Four things to watch 四件值得看的事
Then try it yourself. Which of the five is the lightest cup, and which is the heaviest?
然後自己動手試試。五種裡面，哪一杯最輕？哪一杯最重？
Loose flour, packed flour鬆的麵粉，壓實的麵粉
First the flour is spooned in loosely. Then it is packed down. The cup is still one cup, but more flour fits inside.
先鬆鬆地舀進麵粉，再把它壓實。杯子還是一杯，裡面卻塞進了更多麵粉。
Three teaspoons, one tablespoon三茶匙，一湯匙
A teaspoon of water goes into the tablespoon three times. After the third one, the tablespoon is full.
一茶匙的水倒進湯匙，倒三次；第三次倒完，湯匙剛好滿了。
Water is the easy one水最好算
Watch the water climb from a quarter cup to one cup. For water, and only for water, the milliliters and the grams are almost the same number.
看水從四分之一杯一路加到一杯。只有水，毫升和公克的數字才幾乎一樣。
Say It · 這樣唸
How to Read a Recipe Out Loud 食譜上的數字和縮寫怎麼唸
Recipes are written in a kind of shorthand. Press the speaker to hear each one. Notice that “1/2 cup” is not “one two cup.”
食譜是用一種「速記」寫的。按喇叭聽聽每一個怎麼唸。注意：「1/2 cup」不是唸 one two cup。
- 1/2 cuphalf a cup半杯
- 1/4 cupa quarter of a cup四分之一杯
- 1 1/2 cupsone and a half cups一杯半
- 3/4 tspthree quarters of a teaspoon四分之三茶匙
- 2 tbsptwo tablespoons兩湯匙
- 8 ozeight ounces八盎司
- 350°Fthree hundred fifty degrees Fahrenheit華氏 350 度
- a pinch of salta pinch of salt一小撮鹽
In recipes, “tsp” is short for teaspoon, “tbsp” for tablespoon, “oz” for ounce, and “lb” for pound.
食譜裡，tsp 是 teaspoon（茶匙）的縮寫，tbsp 是 tablespoon（湯匙），oz 是 ounce（盎司），lb 是 pound（磅）。
Try It · 動手試試
Change the Recipe to Metric 幫食譜換單位
Here is an American-style recipe with no animal foods in it. Guess each metric amount first, then press the row to check. Watch which ingredients turn into grams and which turn into milliliters, and why.
這是一份美式寫法的食譜，裡面沒有動物性的食材。先猜猜每一項換成公制是多少，再按那一列對答案。注意哪些材料換成公克、哪些換成毫升，還有為什麼。
Banana Oat Cookies香蕉燕麥餅乾
Serves 4 · makes about 12 cookies4 人份・大約 12 片餅乾
- mashed ripe banana (about 2 bananas)熟香蕉，壓成泥（大約 2 根）1 cup1 杯?
- rolled oats燕麥片1 1/2 cups1 1/2 杯?
- raisins葡萄乾1/3 cup1/3 杯?
- vegetable oil植物油2 tbsp2 湯匙?
- sugar糖1 tbsp1 湯匙?
- ground cinnamon肉桂粉1/2 tsp1/2 茶匙?
- salt鹽a pinch一小撮?
- oven temperature烤箱溫度350°F華氏 350 度?
Mix everything in a bowl, drop spoonfuls onto a lined baking tray, and bake for about 15 minutes. The oven is hot: this step needs an adult at home beside you.把所有材料在碗裡拌勻，一匙一匙舀到鋪了烤紙的烤盤上，烤大約 15 分鐘。烤箱很燙：這一步要有家裡的大人在旁邊。
We wrote this recipe to practice units. It has not been test-baked for this page, so treat the baking time as a starting point. Oats and other foods can matter for allergies: ask an adult at home and read the label.這份食譜是為了練習換單位而設計的，本頁還沒有實際試烤過，烘烤時間請當作參考。燕麥等食材可能和過敏有關：請問家裡的大人，並且看標示。
Try It · 動手試試
Make It Bigger or Smaller 放大縮小
The recipe serves four. Change it to two, six, or eight servings and watch the fractions. Sometimes the answer is hard to measure, like one sixth of a cup, so the page changes it into spoons you really have.
這份食譜是四人份。把它改成兩人份、六人份或八人份，看分數怎麼變。有時候算出來的量不好量（例如六分之一杯），頁面會幫你換成手邊真的有的量匙。
Banana Oat Cookies香蕉燕麥餅乾
Serves 4 · makes about 12 cookies4 人份・大約 12 片餅乾
- mashed ripe banana (about 2 bananas)熟香蕉，壓成泥（大約 2 根）1 cup1 cup1 杯
- rolled oats燕麥片1 1/2 cups1 1/2 cups1 1/2 杯
- raisins葡萄乾1/3 cup1/3 cup1/3 杯
- vegetable oil植物油2 tbsp2 tbsp2 湯匙
- sugar糖1 tbsp1 tbsp1 湯匙
- ground cinnamon肉桂粉1/2 tsp1/2 tsp1/2 茶匙
- salt鹽a pincha pinch一小撮
See Why · 看看差別
Whose Cup Is It? 這是誰的一杯？
The word “cup” does not mean the same amount everywhere. Pour each of these cups into a US measuring cup and see where the water stops.
「一杯」在每個地方不是一樣多。把下面每一種「一杯」倒進美制的量杯，看水停在哪裡。
236.6 mL
inside the US cup · 在美制量杯裡 over the 1-cup line · 超過 1 杯刻度
Stories Behind the Units · 單位背後的故事
A country with two systems, a label rule, a rice cup, and a pinch 一個用兩套單位的國家、一條標示規定、一個量米杯，和一小撮
Four short stories about where kitchen units come from.
關於廚房裡的單位從哪裡來的四個小故事。
Two Systems · 兩套單位
Why does the United States still use cups?美國為什麼還在用「杯」？
The United States uses both systems. Since 1893, its customary units, such as the pound and the gallon, have been defined by metric units. US law calls the metric system the preferred system for trade, but using it is voluntary. So scientists use metric, food packages show both, and home cooks keep their cups.
美國其實兩套單位都在用。從 1893 年起，美國的慣用單位（例如磅、加侖）就是用公制單位來定義的。美國法律把公制稱為貿易上「優先採用」的制度，但是否使用由各界自願。所以科學家用公制，食品包裝兩種都標，而家裡做菜的人繼續用他們的杯子。
A Label Rule · 一條標示規定
240, 15, and 5240、15 和 5
An exact US cup is 236.588 mL, an awkward number. For nutrition labels, the US food rules say that a cup means 240 mL, a tablespoon means 15 mL, and a teaspoon means 5 mL. That is why a drink label can say “1 cup (240 mL).”
精確的美制一杯是 236.588 毫升，很不好記。美國的食品法規為了營養標示，規定一杯算 240 毫升、一湯匙算 15 毫升、一茶匙算 5 毫升。所以飲料的標示上會寫「1 cup (240 mL)」。
A Rice Cup · 一個量米杯
The cup that came from the gō從「合」來的杯子
Japan has an old unit for measuring rice called the gō (合), about 180 mL, and rice cookers there often come with a cup of that size. That is only about three quarters of a US cup, so never swap one for the other. Rice cups are not all alike, so measure the one you have at home.
日本有一個量米的舊單位叫「合」，大約 180 毫升；日本的電子鍋常附一個這麼大的量杯。這只有美制一杯的四分之三左右，所以兩種杯子千萬不要互相代替。每個量米杯不一定一樣大，量量看你家的那一個。
A Pinch · 一小撮
How big is a pinch?一小撮是多少？
A dictionary says a pinch is as much as you can take between your finger and thumb. There is no agreed standard for it. Some makers of measuring spoons call it one sixteenth of a teaspoon, and others give different sizes. A pinch is a reminder that cooking also uses your senses.
字典說，一小撮就是手指和拇指之間捏得起來的量。它沒有公認的標準：有些量匙的廠商把它定為十六分之一茶匙，也有別的說法。「一小撮」提醒我們，做菜也要靠自己的感覺。
In the Curriculum · 對應課綱
Where this lesson fits 這一課對應的課綱
In the 12-Year Basic Education curriculum, home economics is one of three subjects in the Integrative Activities area in junior high school. The curriculum does not name measuring cups, measuring spoons, or scales. This entry is the closest one, and the link to measuring is our reading of it.
十二年國教課綱裡，家政是國中階段綜合活動領域的三個科目之一（「國民中學教育階段包含家政、童軍和輔導三個科目」）。課綱沒有出現「量杯」「量匙」或「秤」這些詞；下面是最接近的條目，它和測量的連結是本教材的解讀。
家 Ab-IV-2綜合活動領域・家政（國中） · Integrative Activities, home economics (junior high)
飲食的製備與創意運用。
The curriculum's own note for this entry begins: explore the cooking tools and methods commonly used in daily life. Measuring cups, measuring spoons, and a kitchen scale are among those tools.課綱對這一條的補充說明第一點是「探索日常生活常用之烹調器具與方法」；量杯、量匙和廚房的秤就是這類器具。
Myth vs. Fact · 常見迷思
Four things people get wrong 四個常見的誤會
✗ Myth · 迷思A cup is the same size everywhere.全世界的「一杯」都一樣大。
✓ Fact · 事實A US cup is about 237 mL, a metric cup is 250 mL, a Japanese cup is 200 mL, and a rice-cooker cup is about 180 mL. Check where a recipe comes from before you measure.美制的一杯大約 237 毫升，公制的一杯是 250 毫升，日本的一杯是 200 毫升，電鍋的量米杯大約 180 毫升。動手量之前，先看食譜是哪裡來的。
✗ Myth · 迷思One cup of anything weighs the same.不管裝什麼，一杯都一樣重。
✓ Fact · 事實A cup measures space, not weight. One US cup holds about 237 g of water, 218 g of oil, 200 g of sugar, 185 g of uncooked rice, or 125 g of flour.杯子量的是空間，不是重量。美制一杯可以裝大約 237 公克的水、218 公克的油、200 公克的糖、185 公克的生米，或 125 公克的麵粉。
✗ Myth · 迷思The United States does not use the metric system.美國不用公制。
✓ Fact · 事實It uses both. The US measurement institute, NIST, calls the idea that the country never adopted the metric system untrue. US customary units have been defined by metric units since 1893.美國兩種都用。美國國家標準與技術研究院（NIST）說，「美國沒有採用公制」的說法並不正確；美國的慣用單位從 1893 年起就是用公制單位來定義的。
✗ Myth · 迷思An ounce is always a weight.盎司一定是重量的單位。
✓ Fact · 事實There are two kinds. An ounce (oz) is a weight, about 28 g. A fluid ounce (fl oz) is a volume, about 30 mL. A cup of flour is 8 fluid ounces of space, but it weighs only about 4.4 ounces.盎司有兩種。盎司（oz）是重量，大約 28 公克；液量盎司（fl oz）是體積，大約 30 毫升。一杯麵粉占了 8 液量盎司的空間，重量卻只有大約 4.4 盎司。
Remember It · 記憶口訣
Kitchen units in four lines 四句話記住廚房的單位
Cups for space, grams for weight杯量空間，公克量輕重
A cup tells you how much room something takes. A scale tells you how heavy it is.
杯子告訴你東西占多少空間；秤告訴你它有多重。
Three and sixteen三和十六
Three teaspoons make one tablespoon. Sixteen tablespoons make one cup.
三茶匙是一湯匙；十六湯匙是一杯。
5, 15, 2405、15、240
Round numbers for the kitchen: a teaspoon is about 5 mL, a tablespoon about 15 mL, and a US cup about 240 mL.
廚房裡好記的整數：一茶匙大約 5 毫升，一湯匙大約 15 毫升，美制一杯大約 240 毫升。
Minus 32, times 5, divided by 9減 32，乘 5，除以 9
That changes Fahrenheit into Celsius. 350°F minus 32 is 318. Times 5 is 1,590. Divided by 9 is about 177°C.
這樣就把華氏換成攝氏。350 減 32 是 318，乘 5 是 1,590，除以 9 大約是攝氏 177 度。
Everyday English · 生活英語
Eight Sentences for the Kitchen 廚房裡用得到的八句話
Press the speaker, listen, and say each sentence out loud. Try one of them at home tonight.
按喇叭聽一遍，再大聲說出來。今天晚上在家試著用一句。
- 1How much flour do we need?我們需要多少麵粉？
- 2Could you pass me the measuring cup, please?可以請你把量杯遞給我嗎？
- 3Add 1/2 cup of oats.Say: Add half a cup of oats.加半杯燕麥片。
- 4It says 2 tbsp of oil.Say: It says two tablespoons of oil.上面寫要兩湯匙的油。
- 5Level it off with a chopstick.用一根筷子把它刮平。
- 6Put the bowl on the scale and set it to zero.把碗放到秤上，然後歸零。
- 7Does this cup show milliliters?這個量杯有標毫升嗎？
- 8Let's double the recipe.我們把食譜的份量加倍吧。
Before You Start · 動手之前
Kitchen reminders for this lesson 這一課的廚房提醒
- The activities in this lesson only pour and weigh. They use no knife and no stove. If you bake the cookies, the oven step needs an adult at home beside you.這一課的活動只有倒和秤，不用刀，也不用火。如果要烤餅乾，用烤箱的那一步要有家裡的大人在旁邊。
- Do not eat or taste raw flour or raw dough. The US Food and Drug Administration reminds cooks that flour is a raw food.不要吃、也不要試吃生的麵粉或生的麵團。美國食品藥物管理局（FDA）提醒：麵粉是生的食物。
- Food allergies are different for everyone. Before you touch or taste an ingredient, ask an adult at home and read the label.每個人的食物過敏不一樣。碰或吃一樣食材之前，先問家裡的大人，並且看清楚標示。
- Wash your hands first. Wipe up spilled water or oil right away so nobody slips, and keep the scale dry.先洗手。水或油灑出來要馬上擦乾，免得有人滑倒；也別讓秤碰到水。
Classroom Activity 1 · 課堂活動一
How Many Milliliters Is Your Cup? 你的一杯是幾毫升？
You need · 準備材料
- A measuring cup with milliliter marks一個有毫升刻度的量杯
- Three different cups, for example a rice cup, a teacup, and a paper cup三個不一樣的杯子，例如量米杯、茶杯、紙杯
- Water, a tray, and a towel水、一個托盤、一條抹布
- Paper and a pencil紙和鉛筆
Steps · 步驟
- Guess first: how many milliliters does each cup hold? Write your guesses down.先猜猜看：每個杯子可以裝幾毫升？把猜的數字寫下來。
- Fill the first cup to the top with water. Do it over the tray.在托盤上，把第一個杯子的水裝到滿。
- Pour the water into the measuring cup. Put the measuring cup on the table, bring your eyes down to the level of the water, and read the mark.把水倒進量杯。量杯放在桌上，眼睛蹲到和水面一樣高，再讀刻度。
- Do the same with the other cups. Which one is closest to a US cup, about 237 mL?其他的杯子也這樣做。哪一個最接近美制的一杯（大約 237 毫升）？
- Talk about it: if a recipe just says “one cup,” what do you need to find out first?討論：如果食譜只寫「一杯」，你要先弄清楚什麼？
For the teacher: reading the mark from above gives a number that is too high or too low. Let students try it both ways and compare. Use the water for the plants afterward.
給老師：從上面往下看刻度，讀到的數字會偏高或偏低。可以讓學生兩種看法都試，再比較。用過的水拿去澆花。
Classroom Activity 2 · 課堂活動二
Scoop the Same Cup Three Ways 同一杯麵粉，舀三次
You need · 準備材料
- A bag of flour, a spoon, and a chopstick for leveling一包麵粉、一支湯匙、一根用來刮平的筷子
- One measuring cup, or any small cup, used for all three rounds一個量杯（或任何小杯子），三次都用同一個
- A kitchen scale that shows grams, and a large bowl一台顯示公克的廚房用秤，和一個大碗
- Paper and a pencil紙和鉛筆
Steps · 步驟
- Put the empty cup on the scale and set the scale to zero. Now the scale will count only the flour.把空杯放上秤，按歸零。這樣秤就只算麵粉的重量。
- Round one: spoon flour gently into the cup until it is heaped, and level it off with the chopstick. Weigh it and write the number down. Empty the cup into the bowl.第一次：用湯匙輕輕把麵粉舀進杯子，堆到冒出來，再用筷子刮平。秤一秤，記下數字，然後把麵粉倒進碗裡。
- Round two: dip the cup straight into the bag, lift it out, and level it off. Weigh it.第二次：把杯子直接插進袋子裡舀起來，刮平，再秤。
- Round three: fill the cup, press the flour down with the back of the spoon, add more, and level it off. Weigh it.第三次：把杯子裝滿，用湯匙背把麵粉壓實，再補滿、刮平，然後秤。
- Compare the three numbers. How many grams apart are the lightest and the heaviest? What does this tell you about recipes that say “1 cup of flour”?比較三個數字。最輕和最重差了幾公克？這對寫著「1 杯麵粉」的食譜有什麼啟示？
For the teacher: the flour stays clean, so put it back in a closed container and use it for cooking later. Raw flour is not for tasting. If anyone in the class is allergic to wheat, use rice or sugar instead. They change less, which is worth discussing too.
給老師：麵粉沒有弄髒，請放回密封的容器，留著之後煮東西用；生麵粉不能試吃。班上如果有人對小麥過敏，改用米或糖來做；它們的變化比較小，這一點也值得討論。
Try It at Home Tonight · 今天回家做
Measure Your Family's Cup 量一量你家的那個杯子
One small task to finish before the next lesson.
下一課之前完成的一件小事。
You can do this on your own · 可以自己做No adult needed. This task uses only water. Ask before you borrow the kitchen tools.不需要大人陪。這個任務只用到水；借用廚房的用具之前，先問一聲。
- Find the cup your family uses for measuring. It may be the rice cup that came with the rice cooker.找出家裡用來量東西的那個杯子，可能就是電鍋附的量米杯。
- Fill it with water and find out how many milliliters it holds. Use a cup or bottle with milliliter marks. If you have a kitchen scale, you can weigh the water instead: 1 gram of water is about 1 milliliter.把它裝滿水，查出它是幾毫升：用有毫升刻度的杯子或瓶子來量。如果家裡有廚房用的秤，也可以改成秤水的重量：1 公克的水大約是 1 毫升。
- Write the number down and bring it to class. Is your cup bigger or smaller than a US cup, about 237 mL?把數字記下來，帶到課堂上。你家的杯子比美制的一杯（大約 237 毫升）大，還是小？
Ask at home · 回家問一問Ask your family: how do you measure the rice and the water when you cook rice? Every family has its own way.問問家人：煮飯的時候，米和水是怎麼量的？每一家都有自己的做法。
Go Further · 延伸閱讀
Where the flour goes next 量好的麵粉，接下來呢
How Things Work · Lesson 18 · 萬物原理・第十八課Why Does Bread Rise?麵包為什麼會膨脹？Once the flour is measured, yeast takes over. That lesson explains what happens inside the dough. This lesson does not repeat it.麵粉量好之後，就輪到酵母上場。那一課講麵團裡面發生了什麼；這一課不重複。Go to the lesson · 前往這一課 →
Life Skills at Home · Lesson 2 · 家政・第二課What Does Heat Do to Food?加熱對食物做了什麼？Boiling, steaming, pan-frying, and baking: where the heat comes from and how fast it moves into the food.煮、蒸、煎、烤：熱從哪裡來，又多快傳進食物裡。Coming soon · 製作中
Sources · 資料出處
The definitions, numbers, and quotations on this page were checked against these sources (October 2026). The conversions are computed by the page itself and covered by automatic tests. Weights per cup are typical values and change with the food and with how it is packed. · 本頁的定義、數字與引文依下列資料查證（2026 年 10 月）；換算由頁面自己計算，並有自動測試。「一杯幾公克」是典型值，會隨食材與裝得鬆緊而不同。
- US cup = 236.5882 mL, tablespoon = 14.78676 mL, teaspoon = 4.928922 mL, US fluid ounce = 29.57353 mL; avoirdupois ounce = 28.34952 g, pound = 0.4535924 kg; t/°C = (t/°F − 32)/1.8美制一杯＝236.5882 毫升、湯匙＝14.78676 毫升、茶匙＝4.928922 毫升、液量盎司＝29.57353 毫升；盎司＝28.34952 公克、磅＝0.4535924 公斤；華氏換攝氏的公式NIST Special Publication 811, Appendix B.8 ↗
- 1 measuring cup = 8 fluid ounces (exactly); 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons (exactly) = 1/2 fluid ounce; 1 pound = 453.59237 grams (exactly)量杯一杯＝8 液量盎司（定義值）；一湯匙＝3 茶匙＝1/2 液量盎司；一磅＝453.59237 公克（定義值）NIST Handbook 44 (2024), Appendix C ↗
- Kitchen equivalents, marked as approximate: 5 mL = 1 teaspoon, 15 mL = 1 tablespoon, 240 mL = 1 cup廚房用的近似值：5 毫升＝1 茶匙、15 毫升＝1 湯匙、240 毫升＝1 杯NIST, Metric Kitchen: Cooking Measurement Equivalencies ↗
- “For nutrition labeling purposes, a teaspoon means 5 milliliters (mL), a tablespoon means 15 mL, a cup means 240 mL, 1 fl oz means 30 mL”美國營養標示：一茶匙算 5 毫升、一湯匙 15 毫升、一杯 240 毫升、一液量盎司 30 毫升21 CFR 101.9(b)(5)(viii), Cornell Legal Information Institute ↗
- Water: 8 fl oz = 237 g水：8 液量盎司（一杯）＝237 公克USDA FoodData Central, FDC ID 173647 ↗
- Wheat flour, white, all-purpose: 1 cup = 125 g中筋麵粉：一杯＝125 公克USDA FoodData Central, FDC ID 168894 ↗
- Sugars, granulated: 1 cup = 200 g白砂糖：一杯＝200 公克USDA FoodData Central, FDC ID 169655 ↗
- Rice, white, long-grain, regular, raw: 1 cup = 185 g生的長粒白米：一杯＝185 公克USDA FoodData Central, FDC ID 168877 ↗
- Oil, vegetable, soybean: 1 cup = 218 g植物油（大豆油）：一杯＝218 公克USDA FoodData Central, FDC ID 172370 ↗
- For the recipe: oats, dry, 1 cup = 81 g; bananas, 1 cup mashed = 225 g; raisins, 1 cup not packed = 145 g食譜用的數字：燕麥片一杯＝81 公克；香蕉泥一杯＝225 公克；葡萄乾（不壓實）一杯＝145 公克USDA FoodData Central, FDC IDs 173904, 173944, 168165 ↗
- “a cup can hold up to 160 grams of all-purpose flour”; this baking company's own chart lists 120 g for a leveled cup, a little less than the USDA value壓實時一杯中筋麵粉最多可裝到 160 公克；這家烘焙公司自己的重量表把刮平的一杯列為 120 公克，比美國農業部的數字略少King Arthur Baking, How to measure flour (2023) ↗
- “Current customary measurement units are defined by the SI; mass, length, and volume have been defined by metric units since the Mendenhall Order of 1893.” Metric is the preferred system for trade, and its use is voluntary美國的慣用單位自 1893 年起以公制定義；公制是貿易上優先採用的制度，使用與否出於自願NIST, Metrication in Law ↗
- The claim that the United States has not adopted the metric system is “simply untrue”「美國沒有採用公制」的說法並不正確NIST, Busting Myths about the Metric System (2020) ↗
- A metric cup of 250 mL is used in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand; Japan later defined a cup as 200 mL澳洲、加拿大、紐西蘭使用 250 毫升的公制杯；日本把一杯定為 200 毫升Wikipedia, Cup (unit) ↗
- 1-gō measuring cups, or their 180 mL metric equivalents, are often included with Japanese rice cookers; one gō is about 180.39 mL日本的電子鍋常附一合（或 180 毫升）的量杯；一合約 180.39 毫升Wikipedia, Ge (unit)；維基百科日文版〈合〉 ↗
- Pinch: “as much as may be taken between the finger and thumb”; tsp: teaspoon; tbsp: tablespoonpinch 的字典釋義；tsp、tbsp 是 teaspoon、tablespoon 的縮寫Merriam-Webster Dictionary ↗
- Some makers of measuring spoons give a pinch as 1/16 teaspoon; “There is no generally accepted standard.”有些量匙廠商把一小撮定為 1/16 茶匙；它沒有公認的標準Wikipedia, Pinch (unit) ↗
- “Flour is a raw food.” Do not eat or taste raw dough麵粉是生的食物；不要吃或試吃生麵團US Food and Drug Administration, Handling Flour Safely ↗
- Integrative Activities curriculum (2018): junior high school has three subjects, home economics, scouting, and guidance; learning content 家 Ab-IV-2 and its note十二年國教綜合活動領域課綱（民國 107 年）：「國民中學教育階段包含家政、童軍和輔導三個科目」；學習內容家 Ab-IV-2「飲食的製備與創意運用。」及其補充說明國家教育研究院，綜合活動領域課程綱要（PDF） ↗
- Chinese terms: 量杯 (measuring cup) and 量匙 (measuring spoon)中文名詞：量杯「測量液體體積的器具」、量匙「一種量器……多使用於烹調上」教育部《重編國語辭典修訂本》 ↗
- 公克 (gram) and 公升 (liter) in Taiwan's legal units of measurement法定度量衡單位：公克（g）、公升（L）經濟部標準檢驗局，法定度量衡單位及其所用之倍數、分數之名稱、定義及代號 ↗